Staged neurosurgical approach for giant and progressive neonatal arachnoid cysts: a case series and review of the literature.

Objectives: Prenatally diagnosed complex arachnoid cysts are very rare. While the true prenatal incidence is still unknown, they account for approximately 1% of intracranial masses in newborns. They rarely exhibit rapid growth or cause obstructive hydrocephalus, but if they increase to such a dimension during pregnancy, the ideal management is not well established.

Non-invasive pediatric cardiac imaging-current status and further perspectives.

Background: Non-invasive cardiac imaging has a growing role in diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy planning, and follow-up in children and adolescents with congenital and acquired cardiac diseases. This review is based on a systematic analysis of international peer-reviewed articles and additionally presents own clinical experiences. It provides an overview of technical advances, emerging clinical applications, and the aspect of artificial intelligence.

Acute care diagnostics in children for general radiologists - not alone in the hospital at night.

Background: Radiologic care for children and adolescents during night and weekend shifts is challenging. This is especially true when a dedicated pediatric radiology front or background service is not available.

Methods: The purpose of this review is to present the approach, the most relevant diagnoses, and their differential diagnoses based on four common example cases - abdominal pain, respiratory/chest pain, headache, and refusal to walk.

Sonography in Childhood and Adolescence for General Radiologists - More Possibilities Than Expected..

Sonography is the most common imaging modality in childhood and adolescence. The rapid availability, absence of X-rays, bedside applicability, e. g.

[Sclerosing hyperostotic bone disorders].

Clinical/methodical Issue: Diagnosis of sclerosing and hyperostotic bone disorders (SHS) is challenging. The correct and early identification of SHS can have therapeutic, prognostic and, in case of genetic SHS with regard to the risk of inheritance, advisory consequences.

Standard Radiological Methods: For diagnosis, radiographic examinations and supplementary computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used.

Imaging in non-bacterial osteomyelitis in children and adolescents: diagnosis, differential diagnosis and follow-up-an educational review based on a literature survey and own clinical experiences.

Background: Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an autoinflammatory bone disorder affecting children and adolescents. Previously classified as a rare disease, recent studies suggest a higher incidence of the disease. CNO may develop into the clinical presentation of chronic recurrent osteomyelitis (CRMO) with high relapse rate and multifocality.

The functional anatomy of motor imagery after sub-acute stroke.

Background: The neural correlates of motor imagery (MI) are tightly coupled with the cortical motor control network. Therefore MI may have therapeutic potential for patients with motor deficits after an ischemic stroke.

Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the hemispheric balance of the cortical motor network during motor imagery (MI) in patients recovering from stroke in the sub-acute stage.