Risk Factors for Dropping Out of Neurosurgical Residency Programs-A Survey Study.

Background: Resident education has to adapt to a changing health care environment. Although aspects such as working hours and attrition rates have been studied in detail, data about the residents' perspective, especially in European countries, are underrepresented in the scientific literature. The aim of this study was to assess and report aspects of neurosurgical education in German-speaking countries and to identify risk factors for quitting or changing the neurosurgical residency program.

Surgical treatment of spinal metastases from renal cell carcinoma-effects of preoperative embolization on intraoperative blood loss.

The objective of this paper is analyzing the effects of preoperative embolization on intraoperative blood loss in spinal surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis and identifying factors contributing to an increased blood loss in the surgical procedure. A retrospective analysis was performed in patients who were treated in for spinal metastasis from RCC between 2011 and 2016. Factors analyzed were reduction of tumor blush, timing of embolization, selective vs.

Angioarchitectural Risk Factors for Hemorrhage and Clinical Long-Term Outcome in Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations.

Background: Intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in children is a rare diagnosis. Little is known about factors determining AVM rupture and appropriate treatment strategies to prevent hemorrhage and associated disability. Available data suggest that children are subject to an increased risk for AVM rupture compared with adults.

Intramedullary spinal cavernoma: clinical presentation, microsurgical approach, and long-term outcome in a cohort of 48 patients.

OBJECT Intramedullary spinal cavernoma (ISC) is a rare entity and accounts for approximately 5%-12% of all spinal vascular pathologies. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of clinical presentation, localization, and different surgical approaches on long-term outcome in patients treated for ISC. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective single-center study of 48 cases of ISC treated microsurgically over the past 28 years.

Impact of intraventricular hemorrhage measured by Graeb and LeRoux score on case fatality risk and chronic hydrocephalus in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Reliable prognostic tools to estimate the case fatality rate (CFR) and the development of chronic hydrocephalus (CHC) in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are not well defined. This study aims to investigate the practicability and reliability of Fisher, Graeb, and LeRoux scores for SAH patient prognosis.

Methods: A total of 206 patients with aneurysmal SAH were retrospectively analyzed in prediction of CFR and CHC.

Correlation of oxygenation and perfusion sensitive MRI with invasive micro probe measurements in healthy mice brain.

The non-invasive assessment of (patho-)physiological parameters such as, perfusion and oxygenation, is of great importance for the characterization of pathologies e.g., tumors, which may be helpful to better predict treatment response and potential outcome.

Intranasal delivery of neural stem/progenitor cells: a noninvasive passage to target intracerebral glioma.

Stem cell-based therapies for neurological disorders, including brain tumors, advance continuously toward clinical trials. Optimized cell delivery to the central nervous system remains a challenge since direct intracerebral injection is an invasive method with low transplantation efficiency. We investigated the feasibility of intranasal administration of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) as an alternative, noninvasive, and direct passage for the delivery of stem cells to target malignant gliomas.

Clinical relevance of associated aneurysms with arteriovenous malformations of the posterior fossa.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of aneurysms associated with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the posterior fossa and their relation to hemorrhagic presentation in comparison to supratentorial AVMs. We performed a retrospective analysis of 474 patients with intracranial AVMs treated in our center from 1990 to 2010. Patients were analyzed for AVM size, drainage type and their clinical course with focus on vessel anomalies including AVM-associated aneurysms.