A model to quantify the influence of treatment patterns and optimize outcomes in nAMD.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a progressive retinal disease that often leads to severe and permanent vision loss. Early initiation of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has been shown to preserve vision in nAMD patients. Concurrently, treatment outcomes in real-world are inferior to those reported in clinical trials.

Solubilisation and properties of the sialate-4-O-acetyltransferase from guinea pig liver.

The O-acetylation of sialic acids turns out to be one of the most important modifications that influence the diverse biological and pathophysiological properties of glycoconjugates in animals and microorganisms. To understand the functions of this esterification, knowledge of the properties, structures and regulation of expression of the enzymes involved is essential. Attempts to solubilise, purify or clone the gene of one of the sialate-O-acetyltransferases have failed so far.

Characterization of the sialate-7(9)-O-acetyltransferase from the microsomes of human colonic mucosa.

Sialic acids present on human colonic mucins are highly O-acetylated, however, little is known about the underlying enzymatic activity required for O-acetylation in this tissue. Here we report on the substrate specificity, subcellular localization and characterization of the sialate-7(9)-O-acetyltransferase in normal human colonic mucosa. Using CMP-Neu5Ac, the most efficient acceptor substrate of all those tested, the enzymatic activity was found to be optimal at 37 degrees C, with a pH optimum of 7.