Staff dose evaluation by application of radiation protection during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures performed with a mobile C-arm.

Background: The radiation dose to staff performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is not negligible.

Purpose: To evaluate the shielding effect of a table-suspended lower-body radiation shield for the positions in the room occupied by the operator, assisting nurse, and anesthesiologist, used during ERCP procedures with a mobile C-arm.

Material And Methods: Eye lens dose, whole body dose, and extremity dose were measured with and without a table-suspended lower-body radiation shield in a phantom model and in clinical routine work.

Lifetime study in mice after acute low-dose ionizing radiation: a multifactorial study with special focus on cataract risk.

Because of the increasing application of ionizing radiation in medicine, quantitative data on effects of low-dose radiation are needed to optimize radiation protection, particularly with respect to cataract development. Using mice as mammalian animal model, we applied a single dose of 0, 0.063, 0.

Anthropomorphic dual-lattice voxel models for optimizing image quality and dose.

Using numerical simulations, the influence of various imaging parameters on the resulting image can be determined for various imaging technologies. To achieve this, visualization of fine tissue structures needed to evaluate the image quality with different radiation quality and dose is essential. The present work examines a method that employs simulations of the imaging process using Monte Carlo methods and a combination of a standard and higher resolution voxel models.

Bayesian model selection validates a biokinetic model for zirconium processing in humans.

Background: In radiation protection, biokinetic models for zirconium processing are of crucial importance in dose estimation and further risk analysis for humans exposed to this radioactive substance. They provide limiting values of detrimental effects and build the basis for applications in internal dosimetry, the prediction for radioactive zirconium retention in various organs as well as retrospective dosimetry. Multi-compartmental models are the tool of choice for simulating the processing of zirconium.

Reliability of a new biokinetic model of zirconium in internal dosimetry: part II, parameter sensitivity analysis.

The reliability of biokinetic models is essential for the assessment of internal doses and a radiation risk analysis for the public and occupational workers exposed to radionuclides. In the present study, a method for assessing the reliability of biokinetic models by means of uncertainty and sensitivity analysis was developed. In the first part of the paper, the parameter uncertainty was analyzed for two biokinetic models of zirconium (Zr); one was reported by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), and one was developed at the Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU).

Reliability of a new biokinetic model of zirconium in internal dosimetry: part I, parameter uncertainty analysis.

The reliability of biokinetic models is essential in internal dose assessments and radiation risk analysis for the public, occupational workers, and patients exposed to radionuclides. In this paper, a method for assessing the reliability of biokinetic models by means of uncertainty and sensitivity analysis was developed. The paper is divided into two parts.

Human biokinetic data and a new compartmental model of zirconium--a tracer study with enriched stable isotopes.

Biokinetic models describing the uptake, distribution and excretion of trace elements are an essential tool in nutrition, toxicology, or internal dosimetry of radionuclides. Zirconium, especially its radioisotope (95)Zr, is relevant to radiation protection due to its production in uranium fission and neutron activation of nuclear fuel cladding material. We present a comprehensive set of human data from a tracer study with stable isotopes of zirconium.

Plasma clearance and urinary excretion after intravenous injection of stable 84Sr in humans.

Systemic kinetics and urinary excretion after intravenous injection of stable strontium 84Sr were evaluated in 42 investigations in human subjects. Tracer concentrations in plasma and urine were determined by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. The initial strontium plasma clearance measured after tracer administration was found to be much faster than that predicted by the current model of the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP).