Inhaled Nitric Oxide Treatment of Early Pulmonary Hypertension to Reduce the Risk of Death or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Infants Born Extremely Preterm: A Masked Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To determine whether inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) treatment of early pulmonary hypertension (PH) would decrease the risk of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among infants born extremely preterm.

Study Design: This was a single-center, masked, randomized controlled trial involving infants born at ≤29 weeks' gestation and requiring positive pressure ventilation. Exclusion criteria included infants of COVID-19 positive mothers, large patent ductus arteriosus with left to right shunting, left ventricle dysfunction (ejection fraction <40%), significant congenital anomalies/genetic disorders, or iNO treatment by clinicians prior to the study echocardiogram.

Successful Surgical Management of Aortic Arch Thrombosis in the Neonate.

Spontaneous thrombosis in the aortic arch is a rare finding in the neonate. Often the thrombosis is initially interpreted as arch obstruction secondary to coarctation or interrupted aortic arch. Thus the obstruction is mechanical with no structural abnormality.

Natural History of Postnatal Cardiopulmonary Adaptation in Infants Born Extremely Preterm and Risk for Death or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Objective: To study the natural history of postnatal cardiopulmonary adaptation in infants born extremely preterm and establish its association with death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Study Design: This was a prospective, observational, cohort study of infants born extremely preterm (<29 weeks). Initial echocardiogram was performed at <48 hours of life, followed by serial echocardiograms every 24-48 hours until 14 days of life.

The use of a three-dimensional print model of an aortic arch to plan a complex percutaneous intervention in a patient with coarctation of the aorta.

Recently, three-dimensional printing of heart models is being used to plan percutaneous and surgical interventions in patients with CHD. We describe a case where we used a three-dimensional print model to plan a complex percutaneous intervention in a patient with coarctation of the aorta.

Impact of Percutaneous Interventions for Pulmonary Artery Stenosis in Alagille Syndrome.

Objective: The study aims to examine acute and midterm outcomes after percutaneous interventions for treatment of pulmonary artery stenosis (PAS) in patients with Alagille Syndrome (ALGS).

Background: PAS affects up to two thirds of ALGS patients. Responsiveness to transcatheter therapies may differ from other causes of PAS.

Percutaneous balloon-expandable covered stent implantation for treatment of traumatic aortic injury in children and adolescents.

Surgical treatment of pediatric acute traumatic aortic injury (TAI) after blunt chest trauma is standard of care. Use of endovascular stent grafts for treatment of TAI in adults is common but has important limitations in children. We sought to describe the use of balloon-expandable covered endovascular stents for treatment of TAI in children and adolescents.

Pulmonary vascular resistance in repaired congenital diaphragmatic hernia vs. age-matched controls.

Introduction: Infants and children with repaired congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) often continue to show delayed growth and development that may be, in part, secondary to unrecognized persistence of increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR).

Methods: Data were reviewed from all patients ages 6-36 mo with repaired CDH who underwent cardiac catheterization from 2007 to 2010 and were compared to data from a control population of patients undergoing percutaneous closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Indexed pulmonary blood flow (Qp), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and PVR were examined.

Fenestrated ASD closure in a child with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension and exercise desaturation.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive disorder that may result in right heart failure and death. Atrial level shunts in the presence of pulmonary hypertension may allow right-to-left mixing with maintenance of cardiac output and improved survival. However, excessive mixing at the atrial level can cause undue systemic desaturation, increased fatigue and decreased exercise tolerance even in the presence of adequate cardiac output.