Comparison of bone mineral density of runners with inactive males: A cross-sectional 4HAIE study.

The purpose of the study was to determine whether running is associated with greater bone mineral density (BMD) by comparing the BMD of regularly active male runners (AR) with inactive nonrunner male controls (INC). This cross-sectional study recruited 327 male AR and 212 male INC (aged 18-65) via a stratified recruitment strategy. BMD of the whole body (WB) and partial segments (spine, lumbar spine (LS), leg, hip, femoral neck (FN), and arm for each side) were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and lower leg dominance (dominant-D/nondominant-ND) was established by functional testing.

Nanoelectromechanical Control of Spin-Photon Interfaces in a Hybrid Quantum System on Chip.

Color centers (CCs) in nanostructured diamond are promising for optically linked quantum technologies. Scaling to useful applications motivates architectures meeting the following criteria: C1 individual optical addressing of spin qubits; C2 frequency tuning of spin-dependent optical transitions; C3 coherent spin control; C4 active photon routing; C5 scalable manufacturability; and C6 low on-chip power dissipation for cryogenic operations. Here, we introduce an architecture that simultaneously achieves C1-C6.

Synchronous micromechanically resonant programmable photonic circuits.

Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are emerging as powerful tools for control of light, with applications in quantum information processing, optical range finding, and artificial intelligence. Low-power implementations of these PICs involve micromechanical structures driven capacitively or piezoelectrically but are often limited in modulation bandwidth by mechanical resonances and high operating voltages. Here we introduce a synchronous, micromechanically resonant design architecture for programmable PICs and a proof-of-principle 1×8 photonic switch using piezoelectric optical phase shifters.

Selective and Scalable Control of Spin Quantum Memories in a Photonic Circuit.

A central goal in many quantum information processing applications is a network of quantum memories that can be entangled with each other while being individually controlled and measured with high fidelity. This goal has motivated the development of programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with integrated spin quantum memories using diamond color center spin-photon interfaces. However, this approach introduces a challenge into the microwave control of individual spins within closely packed registers.

Regular running in an air-polluted environment: physiological and anthropometric protocol for a prospective cohort study (Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment Study - Program 4).

Introduction: Ambient air pollution is a global environmental problem, which causes adverse health effects and premature deaths worldwide. Although regular exercise and physical activity have evident health benefits, the influence of long-term air pollution exposure during regular outdoor running has not been definitively clarified.

Methods And Analysis: This study protocol describes the physiological and anthropometric perspectives of the 'Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment' Study - Programme 4 (4HAIE).

Internal precooling decreases forehead and core temperature but does not alter choice reaction time during steady state exercise in hot, humid conditions.

This study aimed to determine if precooling via crushed ice ingestion reduces forehead skin temperature (T) and core temperature (T) during exercise in the heat and whether it has an effect on choice reaction time (CRT). Ten males commenced a 30 min precooling period, ingesting either 7 g kg of crushed ice (ICE) or room temperature water (CON) prior to cycling 60 min at 55% V̇O in hot, humid conditions (35.0 ± 0.

Precooling With Crushed Ice: As Effective as Heat Acclimation at Improving Cycling Time-Trial Performance in the Heat.

This study compared the effects of precooling (ice ingestion) and heat-acclimation training on cycling time-trial (CTT) performance in the heat. Fifteen male cyclists/triathletes completed two 800-kJ CTTs in the heat, with a 12-d training program in between. Initially, all participants consumed 7 g/kg of water (22°C) in 30 min before completing an 800-kJ CTT in hot, humid conditions (pre-CTT) (35°C, 50% relative humidity [RH]).

The Effects of Crushed Ice Ingestion Prior to Steady State Exercise in the Heat.

This study examined the physiological effects of crushed ice ingestion before steady state exercise in the heat. Ten healthy males with age (23 ± 3 y), height (176.9 ± 8.

Crushed Ice Ingestion Does Not Improve Female Cycling Time Trial Performance in the Heat.

This study examined the effects of precooling via ice ingestion on female cycling performance in hot, humid conditions. Ten female endurance athletes, mean age (28 ± 6 y), height (167.6 ± 6.

The effect of ice ingestion on female athletes performing intermittent exercise in hot conditions.

Studies have reported the benefits of pre-cooling prior to exercise in the heat for male athletes, but at this time no research has investigated female athletes. The aim of the following study was to test the effects of pre-cooling on female repeat sprint performance in hot, humid conditions; namely is ice ingestion effective in reducing core temperature (Tc) and does this reduced Tc lead to improved repeat sprint performance in female athletes? Nine female team sport athletes with mean age (21.0 ± 1.

Iatrogenic nerve injuries in common upper extremity procedures.

Iatrogenic nerve injuries frequently occur during procedures around the hand and wrist, although they are not always recognized at the time of injury or in the immediate postoperative period. Because preventing injuries is of paramount importance, extensive knowledge of the anatomy of the at-risk nerves is critical. Best results occur after immediate repair because a substantial delay before secondary surgery diminishes the chances for recovery from motor or sensory nerve dysfunction and relief from pain.

Biomechanical comparison of parallel versus 90-90 plating of bicolumn distal humerus fractures with intra-articular comminution.

Purpose: To compare the biomechanical properties of 90-90 versus mediolateral parallel plating of C-3 bicolumn distal humerus fractures.

Methods: We created intra-articular AO/Orthopaedic Trauma Association C-3 bicolumn fractures in 10 fresh-frozen matched pairs of cadaveric elbows. We determined bone mineral density of the metaphyseal region with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Decreased beta-amyloid1-42 and increased tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer disease.

Context: Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by pathological results at autopsy of amyloid plaques and tau-associated neurofibrillary tangles, but the clinical diagnosis of AD is determined on the basis of medical history, cognitive symptoms, and exclusionary criteria. The search for antemortem biomarkers is intense and has focused on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) beta-amyloid1-42 and tau proteins.

Objectives: To compare CSF beta-amyloid and tau levels in a new population of AD patients and controls.