Acute Physiological Responses to Moderate-Intensity Continuous, High-Intensity Interval, and Variable-Intensity Intermittent Exercise.

This study examined acute physiological responses to moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE), variable-intensity intermittent exercise (VIIE), and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocol, matched for total work output in healthy adults (n = 8, age = 25.1 ± 6.0 yrs).

Gastrointestinal symptom improvement after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: long-term analysis.

Background: Obese patients have a multitude of gastrointestinal symptoms that differ from their nonobese counterparts. The published data remain scant on changes in gastrointestinal symptoms among this cohort before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The aim of this study was to quantify these symptoms and understand the changes that occur after bariatric surgery.

Thermal denaturation of wild type and mutant recombinant acetylcholinesterase from amphioxus: effects of the temperature of in vitro expression and of reversible inhibitors.

We have studied the thermal inactivation at 37 degrees C of wild type and mutant ChE2 (C310A, F312I, C466A, C310A/F312I, and C310A/C466A) from amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) expressed in vitro in COS-7 monkey cells under three sets of conditions: 30 degrees C for 48 h, 30 degrees C for 24 h and 37 degrees C for 24 h, and 37 degrees C for 48 h. We found biphasic denaturation curves for all enzymes and conditions, except wild type and C310A ChE2 expressed at 30 degrees C for 48 h. Generally, single mutants are more unstable than wild type, and the double mutants are even more unstable.

Inactivation of an invertebrate acetylcholinesterase by sulfhydryl reagents: the roles of two cysteines in the catalytic gorge of the enzyme.

We have used site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling to investigate the inactivation of an invertebrate acetylcholinesterase (AChE), ChE2 from amphioxus, by the sulfhydryl reagents 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), creating various mutants, including C310A and C466A, and the double mutants C310A/C466A and C310A/F312I, to assess the relative roles of the two cysteines and a proposal that the increased rate of inactivation in the F312I mutant is due to increased access to Cys310. Our results suggest that both cysteines may be involved in inactivation by sulfhydryl reagents, but that the cysteine in the vicinity of the acyl pocket is more accessible. We speculate that the inactivation of aphid AChEs by sulfhydryl reagents is due to the presence of a cysteine homologous to Cys310.

Optical vector network analyzer for single-scan measurements of loss, group delay, and polarization mode dispersion.

We present a method for measuring the complete linear response, including amplitude, phase, and polarization, of a fiber-optic component or assembly that requires only a single scan of a tunable laser source. The method employs polarization-diverse swept-wavelength interferometry to measure the matrix transfer function of a device under test. We outline the theory of operation to establish how the transfer function is obtained.

High resolution optical frequency domain reflectometry for characterization of components and assemblies.

We describe a technique for polarization sensitive optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) that achieves 22 micrometer two-point spatial resolution over 35 meters of optical length with -97 dB sensitivity in a single measurement taking only seconds. We demonstrate OFDR's versatility in both time- and frequency-domain metrology by analyzing a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in both the spectral and impulse response domains. We also demonstrate how a polarization diversity receiver can be used in an OFDR system to track changes in the polarization state of light propagating through a birefringent component.