Binary Toxin Expression by Is Associated With Worse Disease.

Background: The incidence of infection (CDI) has increased over the past 2 decades and is considered an urgent threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hypervirulent strains such as ribotype 027, which possess genes for the additional toxin binary toxin (CDT), are contributing to increased morbidity and mortality.

Methods: We retrospectively tested stool from 215 CDI patients for CDT by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Ambush of Clostridium difficile spores by ramoplanin: activity in an in vitro model.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a gastrointestinal disease caused by C. difficile, a spore-forming bacterium that in its spore form is tolerant to standard antimicrobials. Ramoplanin is a glycolipodepsipeptide antibiotic that is active against C.

Clostridium difficile binary toxin (CDT) and diarrhea.

Clostridium difficile is a major enteropathogen of humans. It produces two main virulence factors, toxins A and B. A third, less well known toxin, C.