Nitrogen fate during agricultural managed aquifer recharge: Linking plant response, hydrologic, and geochemical processes.

Agricultural managed aquifer recharge (Ag-MAR, on-farm recharge), where farmland is flooded with excess surface water to intentionally recharge groundwater, has received increasing attention by policy makers and researchers in recent years. However, there remain concerns about the potential for Ag-MAR to exacerbate nitrate (NO) contamination of groundwater, and additional risks, such as greenhouse gas emissions and crop tolerance to prolonged flooding. Here, we conducted a large-scale, replicated winter groundwater recharge experiment to quantify the effect of Ag-MAR on soil N biogeochemical transformations, potential NO leaching to groundwater, soil physico-chemical conditions, and crop yield.

Jasmonic Acid Activates the Fruit-Pedicel Abscission Zone of 'Thompson Seedless' Grapes, Especially with Co-Application of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid.

Two studies were conducted to determine how methyl jasmonate (MeJA), jasmonic acid (JA), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) affect grape berry abscission in the initial days after treatment. The overarching goal was to determine whether JA, with or without ACC, may hold the potential to sufficiently reduce fruit detachment force (FDF) and increase the proportion of berries with dry stem scars while minimizing preharvest abscission, effects that could be useful in the production of stemless table grapes. On Thompson Seedless grapes, JA was at least as effective as MeJA for stimulating berry abscission based on reduced fruit detachment force (FDF) and yielding detached berries with dry stem scars.

Precipitation before Flowering Determined Effectiveness of Leaf Removal Timing and Irrigation on Wine Composition of Merlot Grapevine.

Grapevine productivity, and berry and wine flavonoid concentration, depend on the interactions of cultivar, environment, and applied cultural practices. We characterized the effects that mechanical leaf removal and irrigation treatments had on the flavonoid concentration of 'Merlot' (, L.) grape berries and wines in a hot climate over two growing seasons with contrasting precipitation patterns.

Exogenous Abscisic Acid Promotes Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Increased Expression of Flavonoid Synthesis Genes in × Table Grapes in a Subtropical Region.

Hybrid ( ×) table grape cultivars grown in the subtropics often fail to accumulate sufficient anthocyanins to achieve good uniform berry color. Growers of table grapes in temperate regions generally use ethephon and, more recently, ()--abscisic acid (-ABA) to overcome this problem. The objective of this study was to determine if -ABA applications at different timings and concentrations have an effect on anthocyanin regulatory and biosynthetic genes, pigment accumulation, and berry color of the Selection 21 cultivar, a new × hybrid seedless grape that presents lack of red color when grown in subtropical areas.

Ethephon As a Potential Abscission Agent for Table Grapes: Effects on Pre-Harvest Abscission, Fruit Quality, and Residue.

Some plant growth regulators, including ethephon, can stimulate abscission of mature grape berries. The stimulation of grape berry abscission reduces fruit detachment force (FDF) and promotes the development of a dry stem scar, both of which could facilitate the production of high quality stemless fresh-cut table grapes. The objective of this research was to determine how two potential abscission treatments, 1445 and 2890 mg/L ethephon, affected FDF, pre-harvest abscission, fruit quality, and ethephon residue of Thompson Seedless and Crimson Seedless grapes.