Reductive de-polymerization of kraft lignin for chemicals and fuels using formic acid as an in-situ hydrogen source.

In this study, formic acid (FA) was employed as an in-situ hydrogen donor for the reductive de-polymerization of kraft lignin (KL). Under the optimum operating conditions, i.e.

Liquefaction of bio-mass in hot-compressed water for the production of phenolic compounds.

Direct liquefaction of lignocellulosic wastes (sawdust and cornstalks) and two model bio-mass compounds (pure lignin and pure cellulose as references) has been conducted in hot-compressed water at temperatures from 250 to 350 degrees C in the presence of 2MPa H(2), for the production of phenolic compounds that may be suitable for the production of green phenol-formaldehyde resins. The liquefaction operations at 250 degrees C for 60 min produced the desirable product of phenolic/neutral oil at a yield of about 53, 32, 32 and 17 wt.% for lignin, sawdust, cornstalk and cellulose, respectively.