End-to-end anastomosis as a superior repair type to prevent recurrence of arteriovenous fistula aneurysms and improve patency outcomes.

Background: Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) complicated by aneurysms are repaired through several mechanisms. Little is known about risk factors for aneurysm recurrence or the efficacy of subsequent repair of recurring aneurysms.

Methods: About 291 patients underwent AVF aneurysm repair between 2009 and 2019 at a large urban medical center.

Graft repair of arteriovenous fistula aneurysms is associated with decreased long-term patency.

Introduction: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) aneurysms are a chronic complication which can be disfiguring, painful, and can rupture. Here, we compare the outcomes between three different methods of AVF aneurysm repair.

Methods: One-way ANOVA, Chi-square, and Fisher Exact analyses were used to compare demographics.

Advances in Pluripotent Stem Cells: History, Mechanisms, Technologies, and Applications.

Over the past 20 years, and particularly in the last decade, significant developmental milestones have driven basic, translational, and clinical advances in the field of stem cell and regenerative medicine. In this article, we provide a systemic overview of the major recent discoveries in this exciting and rapidly developing field. We begin by discussing experimental advances in the generation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), next moving to the maintenance of stem cells in different culture types, and finishing with a discussion of three-dimensional (3D) cell technology and future stem cell applications.

Restoring Motor Neurons in Spinal Cord Injury With Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder that damages motor, sensory, and autonomic pathways. Recent advances in stem cell therapy have allowed for the generation of motor neurons (MNs) showing electrophysiological and synaptic activity, expression of canonical MN biomarkers, and the ability to graft into spinal lesions. Clinical translation, especially the transplantation of MN precursors in spinal lesions, has thus far been elusive because of stem cell heterogeneity and protocol variability, as well as a hostile microenvironment such as inflammation and scarring, which yield inconsistent pre-clinical results without a consensus best-practice therapeutic strategy.

Chromatin changes trigger laminin genes dysregulation in aging kidneys.

Dysregulation of gene expression is a hallmark of aging. We examined epigenetic mechanisms that mediate aberrant expression of laminin genes in aging rat kidneys. In old animals, no alterations were found in the levels of abundant laminin mRNAs, whereas Lama3, b3, and c2 transcripts were increased compared to young animals.