Historical comparisons reveal multiple drivers of decadal change of an ecosystem engineer at the range edge.

Biogenic reefs are important for habitat provision and coastal protection. Long-term datasets on the distribution and abundance of Sabellaria alveolata (L.) are available from Britain.

Succinate recovers mitochondrial oxygen consumption in septic rat skeletal muscle.

Objective: Mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly affecting complex I of the respiratory chain, could play a fundamental role in the development of multiple organ failure during sepsis. Increasing electron flow through complex II by addition of succinate may improve mitochondrial oxygen utilization and thus adenosine triphosphate production.

Design: Ex vivo animal study.

Hypoxia accelerates nitric oxide-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial complex I in activated macrophages.

Excess production of nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in the development of multiple organ failure, with a putative mechanism involving direct mitochondrial inhibition, predominantly affecting complex I. The persistent effects of NO on complex I may be mediated through S-nitrosylation and/or nitration. The temporal contribution of these chemical modifications to the inhibition of respiration and the influence of concurrent hypoxia have not been previously examined.