Fixation alters the physical properties of tumor tissue that regulate nanomedicine transport.

To have the desired therapeutic effect, nanomedicines and macromolecular medications must move from the site of injection to the site of action, without having adverse effects. Transvascular transport is a critical step of this navigation, as exemplified by the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect in solid tumors, not found in normal organs. Numerous studies have concluded that passive, diffusion- and convection-based transport predominates over active, cellular mechanisms in this effect.

Evaluating a Rapid Field Assessment System for Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure of Raptors.

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are commonly used to control rodent pests. However, worldwide, their use is associated with secondary and tertiary poisoning of nontarget species, especially predatory and scavenging birds. No medical device can rapidly test for AR exposure of avian wildlife.

High-fidelity profiling and modeling of heterogeneity in wastewater systems using milli-electrode array (MEA): Toward high-efficiency and energy-saving operation.

High energy consumption is a critical problem for wastewater treatment systems currently monitored using conventional "single point" probes and operated with manual or automatic open-loop control strategies, exhibiting significant time lag. This challenge is addressed in this study by profiling the variation of three critical water quality parameters (conductivity, temperature and pH) along the depth of a reactor at high spatiotemporal resolution in a real-time mode using flat thin milli-electrode array (MEA) sensors. The profiling accurately captured the heterogeneous status of the reactor under transient shocks (conductivity and pH) and slow lingering shock (temperature), providing an effective dataset to optimize the chemical dosage and energy requirement of wastewater treatment systems.

Dexamethasone Increases Cisplatin-Loaded Nanocarrier Delivery and Efficacy in Metastatic Breast Cancer by Normalizing the Tumor Microenvironment.

Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid steroid with anti-inflammatory properties used to treat many diseases, including cancer, in which it helps manage various side effects of chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapies. Here, we investigate the tumor microenvironment (TME)-normalizing effects of dexamethasone in metastatic murine breast cancer (BC). Dexamethasone normalizes vessels and the extracellular matrix, thereby reducing interstitial fluid pressure, tissue stiffness, and solid stress.

Organosoluble tetravalent actinide di- and trifluorides.

Soluble molecular actinide(iv) fluorides can be prepared in high yield via redox or metathesis reactions of silver fluorides with actinide compounds containing ancillary iodide or fluorinated thiolate ligands. Two compounds, (py)4UF2I2·2py and (py)7Th2F5(SC6F5)3·2py were isolated and characterized by conventional methods, powder and low temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Monomeric thorium chalcogenolates with bipyridine and terpyridine ligands.

Thorium chalcogenolates Th(ER)4 react with 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) to form complexes with the stoichiometry (bipy)2Th(ER)4 (E = S, Se; R = Ph, C6F5). All four compounds have been isolated and characterized by spectroscopic methods and low-temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction. Two of the products, (bipy)2Th(SC6F5)4 and (bipy)2Th(SeC6F5)4, crystallize with lattice solvent, (bipy)2Th(SPh)4 crystallizes with no lattice solvent, and the selenolate (bipy)2Th(SePh)4 crystallizes in two phases, with and without lattice solvent.

Tetrametallic Thorium Compounds with ThE (E = S, Se) Cubane Cores.

Tetrametallic thorium compounds with a ThE core (E = S, Se) having a distorted cubane structure can be prepared by ligand-based reductions of elemental E with thorium chalcogenolates, prepared by in situ oxidation of Th metal with a 3:1 mixture of PhEEPh and FCEECF. Four compounds, (py)ThS(μ-SPh)(SCF), (py)ThS(μ-SPh)(SeCF), (py)ThSe(μ-SePh)(SeCF), and (py)ThSe(μ-SePh)(SCF), were isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. These compounds clearly demonstrate the chemical impact of ring fluorination, with the less-nucleophilic ECF ligands occupying the terminal binding sites and the EPh ligands bridging two metal centers.