Post-operative diabetes insipidus after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery.

Diabetes insipidus (DI) after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) can lead to increased morbidity, longer hospital stays, and increased medication requirements. Predicting which patients are at high risk for developing DI can help direct services to ensure adequate care and follow-up. The objective of this study was to review our institution's experience with ETSS and determine which clinical/laboratory variables are associated with DI in this patient population.

Diabetes insipidus following resection of pituitary tumors.

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a common complication following pituitary surgery and can be transient or permanent. Neurogenic DI occurs following injury to the magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus that produce and transport arginine vasopressin (AVP) and form the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract. DI is defined by a constellation of signs and symptoms resulting in dilute high-volume urine output and increasing serum osmolality.

Novel strategy to treat a case of recurrent lymphocytic hypophysitis using rituximab.

Lymphocytic hypophysitis is an uncommon autoimmune condition that often results in significant morbidity. Although most cases resolve spontaneously or after a short course of steroids, rarely, refractory cases can cause persistent neurological deficits despite aggressive medical and surgical management. A 41-year-old woman presented with progressive visual loss in the left eye and was found to have a sellar mass.

Transorbital penetrating injury: case series, review of the literature, and proposed management algorithm.

Transorbital penetrating injury (TPI), an uncommon subset of head trauma, requires prompt multidisciplinary surgical intervention. While numerous case reports appear in the literature, there is a lack of discrete recommendations for initial evaluation, surgical intervention, and postoperative care of patients with TPI. A retrospective review of 4 cases of TPI at the University of Michigan Health System was undertaken to assess for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

Contemporary management of traumatic intracranial hypertension: is there a role for therapeutic hypothermia?

Objective: Intracranial hypertension (ICH) remains the single most difficult therapeutic challenge for the acute management of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We reviewed the published trials of therapeutic moderate hypothermia to determine its effect on ICH and compared its efficacy to other commonly used therapies for ICH.

Methods: A PubMed database search was done using various combinations of the search terms "brain injury," "therapeutic hypothermia," "intracranial hypertension," "barbiturates," "mannitol," "hypertonic saline," "hyperventilation," "decompressive craniectomy," and "CSF drainage.

Long-lasting cognitive injury in rats with apparent full gross neurological recovery after short-term cardiac arrest.

Objective: The long-term behavioral effects of mild global ischemia have not been well described. We used short (5 min) asphyxic-cardiac arrest that resulted in no apparent gross neurological deficits to study the long-term effects of mild hypoxic ischemia on the neurobehavioral status of rats.

Methods: Fifteen adult, male Wistar rats were studied.