Intraoperative valence testing to adjudicate between ventral capsule/ventral striatum and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis target selection in deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an accepted therapy for severe, treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (trOCD). The optimal DBS target location within the anterior limb of the internal capsule, particularly along the anterior-posterior axis, remains elusive. Empirical evidence from several studies in the past decade has suggested that the ideal target lies in the vicinity of the anterior commissure (AC), either just anterior to the AC, above the ventral striatum (VS), or just posterior to the AC, above the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST).

Effect of Probiotics on Host-Microbiota in Bacterial Infections.

Diseases caused by bacteria cause millions of deaths every year. In addition, the problem of resistance to antibiotics is so serious that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine. This is a very important global problem as some bacteria can also develop persistence.

A novel chronic in vivo oral cadmium exposure-washout mouse model for studying cadmium toxicity and complex diabetogenic effects.

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and hyperglycemia. In addition to well known risk factors such as lifestyle and genetic risk score, accumulation of environmental toxicants in organs relevant to glucose metabolism is increasingly recognized as additional risk factors for T2DM. Here, we describe the development of an in vivo oral cadmium (Cd) exposure model.

The Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Neuropsychiatric Complications of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Literature Review and Case Report.

Background: There is a significant prevalence of new onset neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), some severe and persistent, in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective: This study reports on the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to treat NPS associated with COVID-19.

Methods: A review of the literature pertaining to the use of ECT in patients with COVID-19 and NPS was performed through PubMed, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE.

Exploring the Association Between Demographics, SLC30A8 Genotype, and Human Islet Content of Zinc, Cadmium, Copper, Iron, Manganese and Nickel.

A widely prevalent single nucleotide polymorphism, rs13266634 in the SLC30A8 gene encoding the zinc transporter ZnT8, is associated with an increased risk for T2DM. ZnT8 is mostly expressed in pancreatic insulin-producing islets of Langerhans. The effect of this variant on the divalent metal profile in human islets is unknown.

Tissue-selective estrogen complexes with bazedoxifene prevent metabolic dysfunction in female mice.

Pairing the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene (BZA) with estrogen as a tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC) is a novel menopausal therapy. We investigated estrogen, BZA and TSEC effects in preventing diabetisity in ovariectomized mice during high-fat feeding. Estrogen, BZA or TSEC prevented fat accumulation in adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle, and improved insulin resistance and glucose intolerance without stimulating uterine growth.

Developmental androgen excess disrupts reproduction and energy homeostasis in adult male mice.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder in females of reproductive age and is believed to have a developmental origin in which gestational androgenization programs reproductive and metabolic abnormalities in offspring. During gestation, both male and female fetuses are exposed to potential androgen excess. In this study, we determined the consequences of developmental androgenization in male mice exposed to neonatal testosterone (NTM).

Developmental androgen excess programs sympathetic tone and adipose tissue dysfunction and predisposes to a cardiometabolic syndrome in female mice.

Among women, the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is considered a form of metabolic syndrome with reproductive abnormalities. Women with PCOS show increased sympathetic tone, visceral adiposity with enlarged adipocytes, hypoadiponectinemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, increased inactive osteocalcin, and hypertension. Excess fetal exposure to androgens has been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS.