Bosniak Classification of Cystic Renal Masses Version 2019: Proportion of Malignancy by Class and Subclass-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Bosniak classification version 2019 (v2019) was a major revision to version 2005 (v2005) that defined cystic renal mass subclasses based on wall or septa features. To determine the proportion of malignancy within cystic renal masses stratified by Bosniak classification v2019 class and feature-based subclass. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched on July 24, 2023 for studies published in 2019 or later that reported cystic renal masses that underwent renal-mass CT or MRI, were assessed using Bosniak v2019, and had a reference standard (histopathology indicating benignity or malignancy or ≥5-year imaging follow-up indicating benignity).

How many cores should be collected per region of interest in fusion targeted prostate biopsy? A retrospective single institution statistical simulation.

Objectives: To determine how many cores should be collected per region of interest in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided fusion prostate biopsy. MRI-guided targeted prostate biopsy has led to improved detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC); however, data is limited regarding the optimal number of biopsy cores that should be taken. An ideal number of cores maximizes clinically significant cancer detection while minimizing cost, discomfort, and procedure time.

Opportunity and Opportunism in Artificial Intelligence-Powered Data Extraction: A Value-Centered Approach.

Radiologists' traditional role in the diagnostic process is to respond to specific clinical questions and reduce uncertainty enough to permit treatment decisions to be made. This charge is rapidly evolving due to forces such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data (opportunistic imaging, imaging prognostication), and advanced diagnostic technologies. A new modernistic paradigm is emerging whereby radiologists, in conjunction with computer algorithms, will be tasked with extracting as much information from imaging data as possible, often without a specific clinical question being posed and independent of any stated clinical need.

A Multi-Institutional Study of Magnetic Resonance/Ultrasound Fusion-Guided Nanoparticle-Directed Focal Therapy for Prostate Ablation.

Purpose: Focal therapy aims to provide a durable oncologic treatment option for men with prostate cancer (PCa), while preserving their quality of life. Most focal therapy modalities rely on the direct tissue effect, resulting in a possible nontargeted approach to ablation. Here, we report the results of the first human feasibility trial utilizing nanoparticle-directed focal photothermal ablation for PCa.

Types of Evidence Needed to Assess the Clinical Value of Diagnostic Imaging.

AbstractThe evidence underlying the use of advanced diagnostic imaging is based mainly on diagnostic accuracy studies and not on well-designed trials demonstrating improved patient outcomes. This has led to an expansion of low-value and potentially harmful patient care and raises ethical issues around the widespread implementation of tests with incompletely known benefits and harms. Randomized clinical trials are needed to support the safety and effectiveness of imaging tests and should be required for clearance of most new technologies.

Sestamibi as an alternative to mebrofenin for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis: An alternative option during supply chain disruption.

Purpose: To determine the accuracy of Tc-99 m sestamibi for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis during a supply chain disruption of mebrofenin.

Material And Methods: During a national shortage of Tc-99 m mebrofenin in 2019, our institution initiated sestamibi imaging for suspected cases of acute cholecystitis using a standard hepatobiliary imaging protocol. Forty-one patients underwent hepatobiliary imaging with sestamibi, 39 to assess for acute cholecystitis.

Radiologists predict differential resource utilization but not clinical outcome in emergency department patients imaged with ultrasound for right upper quadrant pain.

Purpose: Radiologists with diverse training, specialization, and habits interpret imaging in the Emergency Department. It is necessary to understand if their variation predicts differential value. The purpose of this study was to determine whether attending radiologist variation predicts major clinical outcomes in adult Emergency Department patients imaged with ultrasound for right upper quadrant pain.

Gold nanoshells for prostate cancer treatment: evidence for deposition in abdominal organs.

Purpose: Gold-silica nanoshell therapy [AuroShells with subsequent focal laser therapy (AuroLase)] is an emerging targeted treatment modality for prostate cancer. We reviewed pre- and post-treatment unenhanced CT imaging to assess for retained gold-silica nanoshells in the abdomen and pelvis.

Methods: This single-institution retrospective study identified patients in the AuroLase pilot who underwent pre- and post-treatment unenhanced abdominopelvic CT.

Continuity of Radiologists Between Diagnostic Breast Imaging and Image-Guided Breast Biopsy: Impact on Patient-Reported Biopsy Morbidity Experiences.

Objective: To determine whether continuity of care between diagnostic breast imaging and subsequent image-guided breast biopsy could reduce patient-reported biopsy-related morbidity.

Methods: This was a prospective, pragmatically randomized, 2-arm health utilities analysis of 200 women undergoing diagnostic breast imaging followed by US- or stereotactic-guided breast biopsy at a single quaternary care center from September 3, 2019, to April 10, 2023. Breast biopsy-naive women with a BI-RADS 4 or 5 finding at diagnostic imaging were randomly scheduled for the typically first available biopsy appointment.

Preclinical, randomized phase 1, and compassionate use evaluation of REGN4461, a leptin receptor agonist antibody for leptin deficiency.

Deficiency in the adipose-derived hormone leptin or leptin receptor signaling causes class 3 obesity in individuals with genetic loss-of-function mutations in leptin or its receptor LEPR and metabolic and liver disease in individuals with hypoleptinemia secondary to lipoatrophy such as in individuals with generalized lipodystrophy. Therapies that restore leptin-LEPR signaling may resolve these metabolic sequelae. We developed a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb), REGN4461 (mibavademab), that activates the human LEPR in the absence or presence of leptin.

A Multicenter Assessment of Interreader Reliability of LI-RADS Version 2018 for MRI and CT.

Background Various limitations have impacted research evaluating reader agreement for Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS). Purpose To assess reader agreement of LI-RADS in an international multicenter multireader setting using scrollable images. Materials and Methods This retrospective study used deidentified clinical multiphase CT and MRI and reports with at least one untreated observation from six institutions and three countries; only qualifying examinations were submitted.

Risk of malignancy in T1-hyperintense Bosniak version 2019 class II and IIF cystic renal masses.

Background: Bosniak classification version 2019 includes cystic masses in class II and IIF based partly on their hyperintense appearance at T1-weighted MRI. The prevalence of malignancy in non-enhancing heterogeneously T1-hyperintense masses is unknown, nor whether the pattern of T1 hyperintensity affects malignancy likelihood.

Purpose: To determine the malignancy proportion among six patterns of T1 hyperintensity within non-enhancing cystic renal masses.

Intra-practice Urologist-level Variation in Targeted Fusion Biopsy Outcomes.

Objective: To examine the extent to which the urologist performing biopsy contributes to variation in prostate cancer detection during fusion-guided prostate biopsy.

Methods: All men in the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MUSIC) clinical registry who underwent fusion biopsy at Michigan Medicine from August 2017 to March 2019 were included. The primary outcomes were clinically significant cancer detection rate (defined as Gleason Grade ≥2) in targeted cores and clinically significant cancer detection on targeted cores stratified by PI-RADS score.

Multicenter Validation of Abbreviated MRI for Detecting Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background Abbreviated MRI is a proposed paradigm shift for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance, but data on its performance are lacking for histopathologically confirmed early-stage HCC. Purpose To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of dynamic contrast-enhanced abbreviated MRI for early-stage HCC detection, using surgical pathologic findings as the reference standard. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was conducted at three U.