Polycystic kidney disease: inheritance, pathophysiology, prognosis, and treatment.

Both autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney disease are conditions with severe associated morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in the understanding of the genetic and molecular pathogenesis of both ADPKD and ARPKD have resulted in new, targeted therapies designed to disrupt cell signaling pathways responsible for the abnormal cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, apoptosis, and fluid secretion characteristic of the disease. Herein we review the current understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions, as well as the current treatments derived from our understanding of the mechanisms of these diseases.

Are biologics safe in the treatment of atopic dermatitis? A review with a focus on immediate hypersensitivity reactions.

Traditional systemic agents used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) are associated with significant potential toxicities and often do not provide adequate therapeutic responses. Biologic agents hold promise for a more targeted and less toxic approach to AD systemic therapy. Patients with AD, however, may theoretically be at higher risk of developing IgE-mediated reactions to protein-based therapies.