Errors of Commission in Cardiac Arrest Care in the Intensive Care Unit.

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary arrests (CPAs) are common in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, effects of protocol deviations on CPA outcomes in the ICU are relatively unknown.

Objectives: To establish the frequency of errors of commission (EOCs) during CPAs in the ICU and their relationship with CPA outcomes.

An update on allergic emergencies.

Purpose Of Review: To provide an updated framework of management for allergic emergencies.

Recent Findings: The most frequent causes of anaphylaxis include medications, foods, and stinging insects. Early and appropriate administration of epinephrine is critical to managing anaphylaxis.

Improving Handoffs Between Operating Room and Pediatric Intensive Care Teams: Before and After Study.

Introduction: Patient transfer between teams and units is known to be a high-risk event for miscommunication and therefore error. We instituted a quality improvement initiative to formalize patient handoffs from the operating room (OR) to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). We hypothesized that measures of information transfer would improve.

Rolling-refresher simulation improves performance and retention of paediatric intensive care unit nurse code cart management.

Introduction: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit Nurses (PICU RNs) manage the code cart during paediatric emergencies at the Children's Hospital at Dartmouth-Hitchcock. These are low -frequency, high-stakes events.

Methods: An uncontrolled intervention study with 6-month follow-up.

Current practice of neonatal resuscitation documentation in North America: a multi-center retrospective chart review.

Background: To determine the comprehensiveness of neonatal resuscitation documentation and to determine the association of various patient, provider and institutional factors with completeness of neonatal documentation.

Methods: Multi-center retrospective chart review of a sequential sample of very low birth weight infants born in 2013. The description of resuscitation in each infant's record was evaluated for the presence of 29 Resuscitation Data Items and assigned a Number of items documented per record.

Effect of just-in-time simulation training on provider performance and patient outcomes for clinical procedures: a systematic review.

Background: Providing simulation training directly before an actual clinical procedure-or 'just-in-time' (JiT)-is resource intensive, but could improve both provider performance and patient outcomes.

Objectives: To assess the effects of JiT simulation training versus no JiT training on provider performance and patient complications following clinical procedures on patients.

Study Selection: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, ClinicalTrials.

Evaluating simulation education via electronic surveys immediately following live critical events: a pilot study.

Background And Objectives: Simulation-based medical education has become popular in postgraduate training for medical emergencies; however, the direct impact on learners' clinical performances during live critical events is unknown. Our goal was to evaluate the perceived impact of simulation-based education on pediatric emergencies by auditing pediatric residents immediately after involvement in actual emergency clinical events.

Methods: Weekly team-based pediatric simulation training for inpatient emergencies was implemented in an academic tertiary care hospital.

Therapeutic plasma exchange in Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: a case report.

Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (pHUS) is an atypical form of HUS associated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. Although less common than diarrhea-associated HUS, incidence appears to be increasing. We report a case of a child with pHUS who underwent a course of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and had complete recovery.

Considerations on the use of adjunct red blood cell exchange transfusion in the treatment of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

Background: Travelers returning to the United States from malaria-endemic areas are at increased risk of a potentially fatal infection from Plasmodium falciparum, which requires prompt and aggressive treatment.

Study Design And Methods: Described is a case of a 7-year-old boy who was infected by P. falciparum while in Africa and developed features of severe infection, including hyperparasitemia, altered neurologic status, and malarial hepatitis.

Estimation of optimal CPR chest compression depth in children by using computer tomography.

Objective: Pediatric consensus-driven cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines target chest compression (CC) depths of one third to one half anterior-posterior (AP) chest depth. Estimates for this target as assessed by computed tomography (CT) measurements of internal and external AP chest dimensions could direct future pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines.

Methods: A total of 280 consecutive chest CT scans in permuted blocks of 20 for each of 14 age divisions between 0 and 8 years were reconstructed and analyzed.