Heavy-metal associated breast cancer and colorectal cancer hot spots and their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.

Purpose: Cancer registries offer an avenue to identify cancer clusters across large populations and efficiently examine potential environmental harms affecting cancer. The role of known metal carcinogens (i.e.

Six Square Miles of Urban America: Association Between Firearm Discharge, Injury, and Fatality.

Background: Despite the increase in firearm injury observed across the country, significant gaps remain relevant to our understanding of how firearm exposure translates to injury. Using acoustic gunshot detection and a collaborative hospital and law enforcement firearm injury database, we sought to identify the relationship between firearm discharge and injury over time.

Study Design: From 2018 to 2021, instances of firearm discharge captured via acoustic detection in 6 square miles of Louisville, KY, were merged with data from the collaborative firearm injury database.

Evaluating the Feasibility of a Novel Firearm Injury Prevention Program for Pre-adolescent Children Through Health Care and Community-Based Partnerships: The Program Pilot Study.

Background: Firearm violence is an American public health crisis that negatively impacts children and disproportionately affects Black youth. Few firearm injury prevention programs have been described in pre-adolescent children. The Program is a novel collaboration constructed via partnership between the medical school, trauma center, academic surgery department, and local non-profit community organization.

Explaining Health Disparities in the Sexual Minority Population: The Role of Neighborhood Effects.

Individual health is affected not only by characteristics and behaviors of the individual, but also by the environment in which the individual lives. Although neighborhood effects are well-established in the health literature, whether these effects are different for sexual minority populations is unknown. There is evidence that the neighborhoods in which sexual minorities reside are distinct from those in which heterosexuals reside, which could give rise to differential neighborhood effects.

Correction to: Geographic Access to Registered Behavior Technicians among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s40617-022-00729-1.].

A new pandemic and an old epidemic: The impact of COVID-19 and gun violence as measured by years of potential life lost in a US city.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has altered daily life on a global scale and has resulted in significant mortality with >985,000 lives lost in the United States alone. Superimposed on the COVID-19 pandemic has been a concurrent worsening of longstanding urban gun violence. We sought to evaluate the impact attributable to these 2 major public health issues on the greater Louisville region as determined by years of potential life lost.

Geographic Access to Registered Behavior Technicians among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Research has documented inequities in geographic access to board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Unexplored is geographic access to registered behavior technicians (RBTs), the frontline ABA providers BCBAs supervise. In this study we examined county-level geographic access to RBTs in the United States, including change in their geographic distribution over time, the current distribution of RBTs related to the distribution of BCBAs, and the current distribution of RBTs as a function of children with ASD.

Trends in Geographic Access to Board Certified Behavior Analysts Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, 2018-2021.

Research has documented inequities in geographic access to Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, research on their accessibility is outdated. Between July 1, 2018 and July 1, 2021 the number of BCBAs in the U.

County-level variation in geographic access to Board Certified Behavior Analysts among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the United States.

This study looked at whether access to Board Certified Behavior Analysts for children with autism spectrum disorder is different between U.S. counties.

Impact of County Sociodemographic Factors and State Policy on Geographic Access to Behavior Analysts Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

To examine the relationship between geographic access to Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and county sociodemographic factors and state policy, we integrated publicly available data from the U.S. Department of Education's Civil Rights Data Collection, Behavior Analyst Certification Board's certificant registry, and U.

The impact of historical racism on modern gun violence: Redlining in the city of Louisville, KY.

Background: The Home Owner's Loan Corporation (HOLC) was created in 1933 to provide government backing of troubled mortgages during the Great Depression. Residential security maps were created to guide investment in over 200 US cities. Neighborhoods were assigned grades of 'A' through 'D' (with corresponding color coding of green, blue, yellow and red) to indicate desirability for investment.

Employment and residential characteristics in relation to automated external defibrillator locations.

Background: Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is generally poor and varies by geography. Variability in automated external defibrillator (AED) locations may be a contributing factor. To inform optimal placement of AEDs, we investigated AED access in a major US city relative to demographic and employment characteristics.

Has the NFL's Rooney Rule Efforts "Leveled the Field" for African American Head Coach Candidates?

Madden (2004) and Madden and Ruther (2009) provide evidence that African American National Football League (NFL) head coaches significantly out-performed their white counterparts between 1990 and 2002. They conclude that this evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that African Americans had to be better coaches than whites in order to be hired as a head coach in the NFL. In 2002, the NFL promulgated the Rooney Rule requiring NFL teams to interview a minority candidate when appointing new head coaches, as well as other affirmative efforts.