Effects of Intranasal Epinephrine on Cerebrospinal Fluid Epinephrine Pharmacokinetics, Nasal Mucosa, Plasma Epinephrine Pharmacokinetics, and Cardiovascular Changes.

Purpose: We aimed to assess intranasal (IN) epinephrine effects on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption, nasal mucosa quality, plasma epinephrine pharmacokinetics (PK), and cardiovascular changes in dogs.

Methods: CSF epinephrine concentration was measured and nasal mucosa quality was evaluated after IN epinephrine 4 mg and one or two 4 mg doses (21 min apart), respectively. Maximum plasma concentration [C], time to C [T], area under the curve from 0 to 120 min [AUC], and cardiovascular effects were evaluated after epinephrine IN (4 and 5 mg) and intramuscular (IM; 0.

Intranasal epinephrine in dogs: Pharmacokinetic and heart rate effects.

Epinephrine is the standard of care for the treatment of severe allergy and anaphylaxis. Epinephrine is most often administered through the intramuscular (IM) route via autoinjector. The current study aimed to evaluate an alternative method of epinephrine treatment through intranasal (IN) delivery in dogs.

Intranasal epinephrine effects on epinephrine pharmacokinetics and heart rate in a nasal congestion canine model.

Background: Histamine release and vasodilation during an allergic reaction can alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs administered via the intranasal (IN) route. The current study evaluated the effects of histamine-induced nasal congestion on epinephrine pharmacokinetics and heart rate changes after IN epinephrine.

Methods: Dogs received 5% histamine or saline IN followed by 4 mg epinephrine IN.