Incidence of diabetes mellitus following hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: A prospective observational study.

Background: People hospitalised for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have elevated incidence of diabetes. However, it is unclear whether this is due to shared risk factors, confounding or stress hyperglycaemia in response to acute illness.

Methods: We analysed a multicentre prospective cohort study (PHOSP-COVID) of people ≥18 years discharged from NHS hospitals across the United Kingdom following COVID-19.

1-year health outcomes associated with systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring supplemental oxygen, dexamethasone reduces acute severity and improves survival, but longer-term effects are unknown. We hypothesised that systemic corticosteroid administration during acute COVID-19 would be associated with improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 1 year after discharge.

Methods: Adults admitted to hospital between February 2020 and March 2021 for COVID-19 and meeting current guideline recommendations for dexamethasone treatment were included using two prospective UK cohort studies (Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium).

Parallel evolution of methyltransferases leads to vobasine biosynthesis in and .

Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIA) are one of the largest and most complex alkaloid class in nature, boasting many clinically significant drugs such as anticancer vinblastine and antiarrhythmic ajmaline. Many MIAs undergo nitrogen -methylation, altering their reactivity and affinity to the biological targets through a straightforward reaction. Remarkably, all known MIA -methyltransferases (NMT) originate from the neofunctionalization of ancestral γ-tocopherol -methyltransferases (γTMTs), a phenomenon seemingly unique to the Apocynaceae family.

Effects of Dietary Supplements on Iron-Loading Susceptibility Artefacts in Pelvic MRI.

We present a case of an 80-year-old male who attended an MRI scan for his prostate cancer radiotherapy planning. His safety screening did not identify any contraindications to our department's MRI safety policy; however, his MRI images displayed significant susceptibility artefacts in the sigmoid colon and rectum and were not clinically acceptable. Further history revealed he had begun regularly taking curcumin supplements at the time of his prostate cancer diagnosis.

The Responsiveness of Exercise Tests in COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: COPD is characterized by reduced exercise tolerance, and improving physical performance is an important therapeutic goal. A variety of exercise tests are commonly used to assess exercise tolerance, including laboratory and field-based tests. The responsiveness of these various tests to common COPD interventions is yet to be compared, but the results may inform test selection in clinical and research settings.

Cognitive and psychiatric symptom trajectories 2-3 years after hospital admission for COVID-19: a longitudinal, prospective cohort study in the UK.

Background: COVID-19 is known to be associated with increased risks of cognitive and psychiatric outcomes after the acute phase of disease. We aimed to assess whether these symptoms can emerge or persist more than 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19, to identify which early aspects of COVID-19 illness predict longer-term symptoms, and to establish how these symptoms relate to occupational functioning.

Methods: The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of adults (aged ≥18 years) who were hospitalised with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 at participating National Health Service hospitals across the UK.

Treatment patterns and outcomes in KRAS-positive advanced NSCLC patients previously treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A Canada-wide real-world, multi-center, retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: KRAS mutations, particularly KRAS, are prevalent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a frontline treatment, but recently developed KRAS-selective inhibitors, such as sotorasib, present new therapeutic options. We conducted a multi-center retrospective cohort study to gain insights into real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with KRAS-positive advanced NSCLC receiving systemic therapy post-ICI treatment.

Discovery and Validation of a Volatile Signature of Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in asthmatic breath may be associated with sputum eosinophilia. We developed a volatile biomarker signature to predict sputum eosinophilia in asthma. VOCs emitted into the space above sputum samples (headspace) from patients with severe asthma ( = 36) were collected onto sorbent tubes and analyzed using thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Long COVID and cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of complications following hospitalisation with COVID-19, but their impact on the rate of recovery following discharge is not known.

Objectives: To determine whether the rate of patient-perceived recovery following hospitalisation with COVID-19 was affected by the presence of CVD or cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: In a multicentre prospective cohort study, patients were recruited following discharge from the hospital with COVID-19 undertaking two comprehensive assessments at 5 months and 12 months.

Attention-Modulated Cortical Responses as a Biomarker for Tinnitus.

Attention plays an important role in not only the awareness and perception of tinnitus but also its interactions with external sounds. Recent evidence suggests that attention is heightened in the tinnitus brain, likely as a result of relatively local cortical changes specific to deafferentation sites or global changes that help maintain normal cognitive capabilities in individuals with hearing loss. However, most electrophysiological studies have used passive listening paradigms to probe the tinnitus brain and produced mixed results in terms of finding a distinctive biomarker for tinnitus.

Nutrients and non-essential metals in darkibor kale grown at urban and rural farms: A pilot study.

Kale is a nutrient-dense leafy vegetable associated with wide-ranging health benefits. It is tolerant of drought and temperature fluctuations, and could thus serve an increasingly important role in providing a safe and nutritious food supply during the climate crisis, while kale's ease of cultivation and ability to be grown in a wide range of soils make it a good fit for urban agriculture. In this pilot study we explored potential differences between kale grown at urban versus rural farms.

A profile of urban agricultural growers, organizations, their needs, and challenges in the Northeastern United States.

Urban agriculture is increasingly valued as a strategy for improving quality of life in cities, but urban growers face challenges and often lack coordinated support from governments and the agricultural industry. We surveyed urban growers through an online survey, primarily in the Northeastern United States, to develop a profile of growers and associated organizations, assess the current state of urban agriculture, and determine how universities could help meet their needs. A total of 394 respondents completed the survey and most urban growers were white (non-Hispanic) and younger than 45 years old.

Artifact removal by template subtraction enables recordings of the frequency following response in cochlear-implant users.

Electrically evoked frequency-following responses (eFFRs) provide insight in the phase-locking ability of brainstem of cochlear-implant (CI) users. eFFRs can potentially be used to gain insight in the individual differences in the biological limitation on temporal encoding of the electrically stimulated auditory pathway, which can be inherent to the electrical stimulation itself and/or the degenerative processes associated with hearing loss. One of the major challenge of measuring eFFRs in CI users is the process of isolating the stimulation artifact from the neural response, as both the response and the artifact overlap in time and have similar frequency characteristics.

Exploring the Use of Interleaved Stimuli to Measure Cochlear-Implant Excitation Patterns.

Purpose: Attempts to use current-focussing strategies with cochlear implants (CI) to reduce neural spread-of-excitation have met with only mixed success in human studies, in contrast to promising results in animal studies. Although this discrepancy could stem from between-species anatomical and aetiological differences, the masking experiments used in human studies may be insufficiently sensitive to differences in excitation-pattern width.

Methods: We used an interleaved-masking method to measure psychophysical excitation patterns in seven participants with four masker stimulation configurations: monopolar (MP), partial tripolar (pTP), a wider partial tripolar (pTP + 2), and, importantly, a condition (RP + 2) designed to produce a broader excitation pattern than MP.

Identification of allergens from Aspergillus fumigatus-Potential association with lung damage in asthma.

Background: Component-resolved diagnosis allows detection of IgE sensitization having the advantage of reproducibility and standardization compared to crude extracts. The main disadvantage of the traditional allergen identification methods, 1- or 2-dimensional western blotting and screening of expression cDNA libraries with patients' IgEs, is that the native structure of the protein is not necessarily maintained.

Methods: We used a novel immunoprecipitation technique in combination with mass spectrometry to identify new allergens of Aspergillus fumigatus.

Prostate Virtual High-dose-rate Brachytherapy Boost: 5-Year Results from the PROMETHEUS Prospective Multicentre Trial.

Background And Objective: Despite the high efficacy of high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost (HDRB) in the management of prostate cancer (PC), use of this approach is declining. Similar dosimetry can be achieved using stereotactic body radiotherapy or "virtual HDRB" (vHDRB). The aim of the multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 PROMETHEUS trial (ACTRN12615000223538) was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vHDRB in patients with PC.

Post-acute COVID-19 neuropsychiatric symptoms are not associated with ongoing nervous system injury.

A proportion of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 experience a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms months after infection, including cognitive deficits, depression and anxiety. The mechanisms underpinning such symptoms remain elusive. Recent research has demonstrated that nervous system injury can occur during COVID-19.

Conservative management of a suspected triangular fibrocartilage complex injury utilizing strength training exercises: A case report.

Objective: The purpose of this case report is to describe the conservative chiropractic management of a patient with a suspected triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury.

Clinical Presentation: A 36-year-old Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu black belt athlete sought care for left-sided diffuse ulnar pain (numeric pain scale 5/10) with a notable bump over the ulna and weakness when grappling. A working diagnosis of suspected TFCC injury was made.

A data-driven framework for clinical decision support applied to pneumonia management.

Despite their long history, it can still be difficult to embed clinical decision support into existing health information systems, particularly if they utilise machine learning and artificial intelligence models. Moreover, when such tools are made available to healthcare workers, it is important that the users can understand and visualise the reasons for the decision support predictions. Plausibility can be hard to achieve for complex pathways and models and perceived "black-box" functionality often leads to a lack of trust.