Prehospital Intubations Are Associated with Elevated Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressures: A Cross-Sectional Study Characterizing ETT Cuff Pressures at a Tertiary Care Emergency Department.

Introduction: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers are trained to place endotracheal tubes (ETTs) in the prehospital setting when indicated. Endotracheal tube cuffs are traditionally inflated with 10cc of air to provide adequate seal against the tracheal lumen. There is literature suggesting that many ETTs are inflated well beyond the accepted safe pressures of 20-30cmH2O, leading to potential complications including ischemia, necrosis, scarring, and stenosis of the tracheal wall.

A Comparison of Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement Strategies with Intra-Arterial Measurement.

Introduction: It is difficult to obtain an accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement, especially in the prehospital environment. It is not known fully how various BP measurement techniques differ from one another.

Study Objective: The study hypothesized that there are differences in the accuracy of various non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement strategies as compared to the gold standard of intra-arterial (IA) measurement.

Measuring Agreement Among Prehospital Providers and Physicians in Patient Capacity Determination.

Objectives: If a patient wishes to refuse treatment in the prehospital setting, prehospital providers and consulting emergency physicians must establish that the patient possesses the capacity to do so. The objective of this study is to assess agreement among prehospital providers and emergency physicians in performing patient capacity assessments.

Methods: This study involved 139 prehospital providers and 28 emergency medicine physicians.

Outcomes of Prehospital Chemical Sedation With Ketamine Versus Haloperidol and Benzodiazepine or Physical Restraint Only.

Objective: The goal of this study is to describe complications and outcomes of prehospital ketamine use for agitation as compared to other methods of physical or chemical restraint such as haloperidol plus benzodiazepine or physical restraint only.

Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective review of patient encounters in which restraint was administered in the prehospital setting. At the beginning of our study window, only physical restraint was available to paramedics managing agitated patients but subsequently, haloperidol and benzodiazepines were introduced, followed by ketamine 2 years later.

Cryoelectron tomography reveals doublet-specific structures and unique interactions in the I1 dynein.

Cilia and flagella are highly conserved motile and sensory organelles in eukaryotes, and defects in ciliary assembly and motility cause many ciliopathies. The two-headed I1 inner arm dynein is a critical regulator of ciliary and flagellar beating. To understand I1 architecture and function better, we analyzed the 3D structure and composition of the I1 dynein in Chlamydomonas axonemes by cryoelectron tomography and subtomogram averaging.