: visualizing powder diffraction data in pdCIF format.

A description is given of the program . This program is used for visualizing powder diffraction data and models published in powder CIF format (pdCIF). In particular, support for the visualization of multi-pattern data sets, such as diffraction experiments, is provided by means of stack and surface plots.

Physicochemical characterisation of kafirins extracted from sorghum grain and dried distillers grain with solubles related to their biomaterial functionality.

Kafirin, the hydrophobic prolamin storage protein in sorghum grain is enriched when the grain is used for bioethanol production to give dried distillers grain with solubles (DGGS) as a by-product. There is great interest in DDGS kafirin as a new source for biomaterials. There is however a lack of fundamental understanding of how the physicochemical properties of DDGS kafirin having been exposed to the high temperature conditions during ethanol production, compare to kafirin made directly from the grain.

Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice.

Ancient Indian iron artefacts have always fascinated researchers due to their excellent corrosion resistance, but the scientific explanation of this feature remains to be elucidated. We have investigated corrosion resistance of iron manufactured according to traditional metallurgical processes by the Indian tribes called 'Agaria'. Iron samples were recovered from central India (Aamadandh, Korba district, Chhattisgarh).

A (2-(naphthalen-2-yl)phenyl)rhodium(i) complex formed by a proposed intramolecular 1,4-ortho-to-ortho' Rh metal-atom migration and its efficacy as an initiator in the controlled stereospecific polymerisation of phenylacetylene.

The synthesis of a novel Rh(i)-aryl complex is detailed and its ability to serve as an initiator in the stereospecific polymerisation of phenylacetylene evaluated. Targeting the Rh(i) species, (2-phenylnaphthalen-1-yl)rhodium(i)(2,5-norbornadiene)tris(para-fluorophenylphosphine), Rh(nbd)(P(4-FCH))(2-PhNapth), following recrystallization we obtained the isomeric (2-(naphthalen-2-yl)phenyl)rhodium(i) complex, Rh(nbd)(P(4-FCH))(2-NapthPh), as determined by X-ray single-crystal structure analysis, and confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction. The isolation of the latter species was proposed to occur from the target (2-PhNapth) derivative via an intramolecular 1,4-Rh atom migration.

Why Do Colloidal Wurtzite Semiconductor Nanoplatelets Have an Atomically Uniform Thickness of Eight Monolayers?

Herein we employed a first-principles method based on density functional theory to investigate the surface energy and growth kinetics of wurtzite nanoplatelets to elucidate why nanoplatelets exhibit a uniform thickness of eight monolayers. We synthesized a series of wurtzite nanoplatelets (ZnSe, ZnS, ZnTe, and CdSe) with an atomically uniform thickness of eight monolayers. As a representative example, the growth mechanism of 1.

Decomposition pathway of KAlH altered by the addition of AlS.

Altering the decomposition pathway of potassium alanate, KAlH4, with aluminium sulfide, Al2S3, presents a new opportunity to release all of the hydrogen, increase the volumetric hydrogen capacity and avoid complications associated with the formation of KH and molten K. Decomposition of 6KAlH4-Al2S3 during heating under dynamic vacuum began at 185 °C, 65 °C lower than for pure KAlH4, and released 71% of the theoretical hydrogen content below 300 °C via several unknown compounds. The major hydrogen release event, centred at 276 °C, was associated with two new compounds indexed with monoclinic (a = 10.

Atomically Dispersed Transition Metals on Carbon Nanotubes with Ultrahigh Loading for Selective Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are the smallest entities for catalytic reactions with projected high atomic efficiency, superior activity, and selectivity; however, practical applications of SACs suffer from a very low metal loading of 1-2 wt%. Here, a class of SACs based on atomically dispersed transition metals on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (MSA-N-CNTs, where M = Ni, Co, NiCo, CoFe, and NiPt) is synthesized with an extraordinarily high metal loading, e.g.

Correction to: Effects of Moisture-Induced Crystallization on the Aerosol Performance of Spray Dried Amorphous Ciprofloxacin Powder Formulations.

Page 4, right column, under section heading "In-Vitro Aerosol Performance", line 11.

Thermodynamics and performance of the Mg-H-F system for thermochemical energy storage applications.

Magnesium hydride (MgH) is a hydrogen storage material that operates at temperatures above 300 °C. Unfortunately, magnesium sintering occurs above 420 °C, inhibiting its application as a thermal energy storage material. In this study, the substitution of fluorine for hydrogen in MgH to form a range of Mg(HF) (x = 1, 0.

Elucidating "screw dislocation"-driven film formation of sodium thiosulphate with complex hierarchical molecular assembly.

Sodium thiosulphate (NaSO) films were synthesized on carbon steel substrates through solution deposition, and a film formation growth mechanism is delineated in detail herein. Dislocation-driven film formation took place at the lower concentration of NaSO (0.1 M) studied, where screw dislocation loops were identified.

Relationship between surface concentration of L-leucine and bulk powder properties in spray dried formulations.

The amino acid L-leucine has been demonstrated to act as a lubricant and improve the dispersibility of otherwise cohesive fine particles. It was hypothesized that optimum surface L-leucine concentration is necessary to achieve optimal surface and bulk powder properties. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was spray dried with different concentration of L-leucine and the change in surface composition of the formulations was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS).

A furnace and environmental cell for the in situ investigation of molten salt electrolysis using high-energy X-ray diffraction.

This paper describes the design, construction and implementation of a relatively large controlled-atmosphere cell and furnace arrangement. The purpose of this equipment is to facilitate the in situ characterization of materials used in molten salt electrowinning cells, using high-energy X-ray scattering techniques such as synchrotron-based energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. The applicability of this equipment is demonstrated by quantitative measurements of the phase composition of a model inert anode material, which were taken during an in situ study of an operational Fray-Farthing-Chen Cambridge electrowinning cell, featuring molten CaCl(2) as the electrolyte.

On the calculation of the gauge volume size for energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction.

Equations for the calculation of the dimensions of a gauge volume, also known as the active volume or diffraction lozenge, in an energy-dispersive diffraction experiment where the detector is collimated by two ideal slits have been developed. Equations are given for equatorially divergent and parallel incident X-ray beams, assuming negligible axial divergence.