Provider attitudes toward pay-for-performance programs: development and validation of a measurement instrument.

Objective: To develop an instrument for assessing physician attitudes toward quality incentive programs, and to assess its reliability and validity.

Data Sources: Study involved primary data collection. A 40-item paper and pencil survey of primary care physicians in Rochester, New York, and Massachusetts was conducted between May 2004 and December 2004.

Incentive implementation in physician practices: A qualitative study of practice executive perspectives on pay for performance.

Pay-for-performance (P4P) programs offer health care providers financial incentives to achieve predefined quality targets. Practice executives sit at a key nexus point for determining how P4P programs are implemented in physician practices. Using a qualitative interview design, this article examines the role practice executives play in the implementation of P4P programs and how their perspectives and decisions can influence the success of these programs.

Conceptual issues in the design and implementation of pay-for-quality programs.

This article identifies and discusses key conceptual issues in designing and implementing pay-for-quality programs. Such programs offer financial incentives to providers for achieving predefined quality targets. The purpose of the article is to provide health care professionals with a framework for designing, implementing, and evaluating pay-for-quality programs.