Description of a novel murine model for ileocystoplasty and early histologic changes.

There is concern that bladder augmentation with bowel segments predisposes toward the development of carcinoma. Additionally, patients with neurogenic bladder and bladder cancer often present with advanced stage and have poor survival. Cellular hyperproliferation at the urointestinal junction (UIJ) has been implicated in this scenario.

Sacral neuromodulation in diabetic patients: success and complications in the treatment of voiding dysfunction.

Aims: We compared success rates, subsequent complications, and possible indications for success of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for urinary voiding dysfunction in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Methods: Thirty-two diabetic patients (mean age 61.8 years, range 27-83) with urge incontinence, urgency-frequency syndrome, and/or urinary retention refractory to non-surgical treatment were retrospectively evaluated along with 211 non-diabetic patients (mean age 54.

Combination of BCG and interferon intravesical immunotherapy: an update.

Objective: To provide an update on the use of interferon (IFN) in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Methods: A literature review of intravesical IFN was performed.

Results: In vitro evidence suggested that IFN combined with BCG may have a synergistic effect on the immune response, and treatment regimens with IFN have used reduced BCG dosage in an attempt to reduce toxicity.