The diagnostic role of T wave morphology biomarkers in congenital and acquired long QT syndrome: A systematic review.

Introduction: QTc prolongation is key in diagnosing long QT syndrome (LQTS), however 25%-50% with congenital LQTS (cLQTS) demonstrate a normal resting QTc. T wave morphology (TWM) can distinguish cLQTS subtypes but its role in acquired LQTS (aLQTS) is unclear.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched using the terms "LQTS," "long QT syndrome," "QTc prolongation," "prolonged QT," and "T wave," "T wave morphology," "T wave pattern," "T wave biomarkers.

Evaluating the role of graft integrity on outcomes: clinical and imaging results following superior capsular reconstruction.

Background: Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) addresses massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears in young patients. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate clinical outcomes and graft integrity in patients following SCR.

Methods: Thirty-four consecutive patients undergoing SCR by 2 surgeons with minimum 2-year follow-up were identified.

Morbidity and Mortality After Burr Hole Craniostomy Versus Craniotomy for Chronic Subdural Hematoma Evacuation: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: Chronic subdural hematomas (cSDHs) are common neurosurgical pathological entities and typically occur after trauma in elderly patients. The 2 most commonly used strategies for treatment have included burr hole drainage and craniotomy with decompression. However, the choice of these procedures has remained controversial and has been primarily determined by surgeon preference.

Self-referrals versus physician referrals: What new patient visit yields an actual surgical case?

OBJECTIVE Spine surgeons in the United States continue to be overwhelmed by an aging population, and patients are waiting weeks to months for appointments. With a finite number of clinic visits per surgeon, analysis of referral sources needs to be explored. In this study, the authors evaluated patient referrals and their yield for surgical volume at a tertiary care center.

Monolignol ferulate conjugates are naturally incorporated into plant lignins.

Angiosperms represent most of the terrestrial plants and are the primary research focus for the conversion of biomass to liquid fuels and coproducts. Lignin limits our access to fibers and represents a large fraction of the chemical energy stored in plant cell walls. Recently, the incorporation of monolignol ferulates into lignin polymers was accomplished via the engineering of an exotic transferase into commercially relevant poplar.

Cell Wall Composition and Candidate Biosynthesis Gene Expression During Rice Development.

Cell walls of grasses, including cereal crops and biofuel grasses, comprise the majority of plant biomass and intimately influence plant growth, development and physiology. However, the functions of many cell wall synthesis genes, and the relationships among and the functions of cell wall components remain obscure. To better understand the patterns of cell wall accumulation and identify genes that act in grass cell wall biosynthesis, we characterized 30 samples from aerial organs of rice (Oryza sativa cv.

Overexpression of a BAHD acyltransferase, OsAt10, alters rice cell wall hydroxycinnamic acid content and saccharification.

Grass cell wall properties influence food, feed, and biofuel feedstock usage efficiency. The glucuronoarabinoxylan of grass cell walls is esterified with the phenylpropanoid-derived hydroxycinnamic acids ferulic acid (FA) and para-coumaric acid (p-CA). Feruloyl esters undergo oxidative coupling with neighboring phenylpropanoids on glucuronoarabinoxylan and lignin.

Adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate (ATPgammaS) is a substrate for the nucleotide hydrolysis and RNA unwinding activities of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4A.

Whereas ATPgammaS is often considered a nonhydrolyzable substrate for ATPases, we present evidence that ATPgammaS is a good substrate for the RNA-stimulated nucleotide hydrolysis and RNA unwinding activities of eIF4A. In the presence of saturating single-stranded poly(U) RNA, eIF4A hydrolyzes ATPgammaS.Mg and ATP.