Long-term outcomes following catheter ablation versus medical therapy in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Aims: The ARC-HF and CAMTAF trials randomized patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) to early routine catheter ablation (ER-CA) versus pharmacological rate control (RC). After trial completion, delayed selective catheter ablation (DS-CA) was performed where clinically indicated in the RC group. We hypothesized that ER-CA would result in a lower risk of cardiovascular hospitalization and death versus DS-CA in this population.

Patterns of Error in Interpretive Pathology.

Objectives: To demonstrate how the educational presentation and targeted review of cases with discrepant interpretive findings between pathologists can raise awareness for specific diagnostic errors through identification of common overarching patterns of error in interpretive pathology.

Methods: We performed a review of 147 surgical pathology and cytopathology cases of discordances from 23 PowerPoint presentations presented between 2010 and 2017. Pathologists and pathology residents, blinded from the official interpretations, were presented each case and surveyed for their own diagnostic assessments.