Learning Experiences Within Infectious Diseases Pharmacy Residency Programs in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Pharmacists with residency training in infectious diseases (ID) optimize antimicrobial therapy outcomes in patients and support antimicrobial stewardship (AS) programs. Although most ID residencies are accredited and assessed by certain standards, the degree to which these programs are similar is not known.

Methods: A 19-item, cross-sectional, multicentered, electronic survey was distributed via e-mail to pharmacy residency program directors (RPDs) of all 101 second-year postgraduate (PGY-2) ID residency programs in the United States.

An Evaluation of Guideline Concordance in the Management of Intra-Abdominal Infections.

Optimal treatment of intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) is multifaceted, typically requiring surgical intervention and antimicrobial therapy. Treatment of IAIs aligned with the 2017 revised Surgical Infection Society (SIS) guidelines may improve patient outcomes. Here we compare clinical outcomes of patients who received guideline concordant and discordant therapy for treatment of IAIs.

Ridinilazole: a novel antimicrobial for infection.

() infection remains a global healthcare threat worldwide and the limited options available for its treatment are of particular concern. Ridinilazole is one potential future agent, as it demonstrates rapid bactericidal activity against . Current studies show that ridinilazole has a lower propensity for collateral damage to the gut microbiome and appears to diminish the production of toxins.

A single-institution experience with a brucellosis outbreak in the United States.

Human cases of brucellosis in the United States are primarily limited to imported infections or reservoirs. We describe a brucellosis outbreak involving 8 patients treated at a single hospital in the United States. Standardized precautionary microbiology processes and coordinated collaboration among hospital departments and local health departments assisted in optimally managing this disease at our institution.

What Is Old Is New Again: Delafloxacin, a Modern Fluoroquinolone.

Delafloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) in adults using dosage regimens of 300 mg intravenously every 12 hours, 450 mg orally every 12 hours, or switching from intravenous to oral regimens for a 5- to 14-day treatment duration. Dosage adjustments in patients with severe renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] = 15-29 ml/min/1.73 m ) are not required for oral doses but should be decreased to 200 mg intravenously every 12 hours in patients requiring parenteral therapy.

New Gram-Positive Agents: the Next Generation of Oxazolidinones and Lipoglycopeptides.

The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), has reached a critical state. Tedizolid phosphate, dalbavancin, and oritavancin have recently been approved by the U.S.

Epidemiology, Co-Infections, and Outcomes of Viral Pneumonia in Adults: An Observational Cohort Study.

Advanced technologies using polymerase-chain reaction have allowed for increased recognition of viral respiratory infections including pneumonia. Co-infections have been described for several respiratory viruses, especially with influenza. Outcomes of viral pneumonia, including cases with co-infections, have not been well described.

Impact of antibacterials on subsequent resistance and clinical outcomes in adult patients with viral pneumonia: an opportunity for stewardship.

Introduction: Respiratory viruses are increasingly recognized as significant etiologies of pneumonia among hospitalized patients. Advanced technologies using multiplex molecular assays and polymerase-chain reaction increase the ability to identify viral pathogens and may ultimately impact antibacterial use.

Method: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of antibacterials in viral pneumonia on clinical outcomes and subsequent multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infections/colonization.