Microbial laden mobile phones from international conference attendees pose potential risks to public health and biosecurity.

Introduction: Mobile phones, contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, have the potential to act as "trojan horses". The microbial signatures present on their surfaces most probably vary across different geographical regions. As a result, mobile phones belonging to international conference attendees may serve as a model for global microbial dissemination, posing potential risks to public health and biosecurity.

Plastic induced urinary tract disease and dysfunction: a scoping review.

Introduction: In 2019 the World Health Organisation published a report which concluded microplastics in drinking water did not present a threat to human health. Since this time a plethora of research has emerged demonstrating the presence of plastic in various organ systems and their deleterious pathophysiological effects.

Methods: A scoping review was undertaken in line with recommendations from the Johanna Briggs Institute.

Extended Reality Head-Mounted Displays Are Likely to Pose a Significant Risk in Medical Settings While Current Classification Remains as Non-Critical.

Extended reality (XR) devices, including virtual and augmented reality head-mounted displays (HMDs), are increasingly utilised within healthcare to provide clinical interventions and education. Currently, XR devices are utilised to assist in reducing pain and improving psychological outcomes for immunocompromised patients in intensive care units, palliative care environments and surgical theatres. However, there is a paucity of research on the risks of infection from such devices in healthcare settings.

Do mobile phone surfaces carry SARS-CoV-2 virus? A systematic review warranting the inclusion of a "6th" moment of hand hygiene in healthcare.

Background: Mobile phones, used in billions throughout the world, are high-touch devices subject to a dynamic contamination of microorganisms and rarely considered as an important fomite to sanitise systematically. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in the COVID-19 pandemic, arguably the most impactful pandemic of the 21st century with millions of deaths and disruption of all facets of modern life globally.

Aim: To perform a systematic review of the literature exploring SARS-CoV-2 presence as a contaminant on mobile phones.

Ultraviolet-C-Based Mobile Phone Sanitisation for Global Public Health and Infection Control.

Introduction: Mobile phones act as fomites that pose a global public health risk of disseminating microorganisms, including highly pathogenic strains possessing antimicrobial resistances. The use of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) to sanitise mobile phones presents an alternative means to complement basic hand hygiene to prevent the cross-contamination and dissemination of microorganisms between hands and mobile phones.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the germicidal efficacy of the Glissner CleanPhone UV-C phone sanitiser (Glissner) device.

Healthcare Derived Smart Watches and Mobile Phones are Contaminated Niches to Multidrug Resistant and Highly Virulent Microbes.

Background: As high touch wearable devices, the potential for microbial contamination of smart watches is high. In this study, microbial contamination of smart watches of healthcare workers (HCWs) was assessed and compared to the individual's mobile phone and hands.

Methods: This study was part of a larger point prevalence survey of microbial contamination of mobile phones of HCWs at the emergency unit of a tertiary care facility.

Mobile phones as fomites for pathogenic microbes: A cross-sectional survey of perceptions and sanitization habits of health care workers in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Backgrounds: In 2022, smartphone use continues to expand with the number of smartphone subscriptions surpassing 6 billion and forecasted to grow to 7.5 billion by 2026. The necessity of these 'high touch' devices as essential tools in professional healthcare settings carries great risks of cross-contamination between mobile phones and hands.

Mobile phones are hazardous microbial platforms warranting robust public health and biosecurity protocols.

Advancements in technology and communication have revolutionised the twenty-first century with the introduction of mobile phones and smartphones. These phones are known to be platforms harbouring microbes with recent research shedding light on the abundance and broad spectrum of organisms they harbour. Mobile phone use in the community and in professional sectors including health care settings is a potential source of microbial dissemination.

Metagenomic Sequencing and Reverse Transcriptase PCR Reveal That Mobile Phones and Environmental Surfaces Are Reservoirs of Multidrug-Resistant Superbugs and SARS-CoV-2.

Background: Mobile phones of healthcare workers (HCWs) can act as fomites in the dissemination of microbes. This study was carried out to investigate microbial contamination of mobile phones of HCWs and environmental samples from the hospital unit using a combination of phenotypic and molecular methods.

Methods: This point prevalence survey was carried out at the Emergency unit of a tertiary care facility.

A pilot metagenomic study reveals that community derived mobile phones are reservoirs of viable pathogenic microbes.

There is increasing attention focussed on the risks associated with mobile phones possibly serving as 'Trojan Horse' fomites for microbial transmission in healthcare settings. However, little is reported on the presence of microbes on community derived mobile phones which in 2021, numbered in the billions in circulation with majority being used on a daily basis. Identify viable microbial organisms swabbed from smartphones on a university campus.

Mobile phones of paediatric hospital staff are never cleaned and commonly used in toilets with implications for healthcare nosocomial diseases.

An ever-increasing number of medical staff use mobile phones as a work aid, yet this may pose nosocomial diseases. To assess and report via a survey the handling practices and the use of phones by paediatric wards healthcare workers. 165 paediatric healthcare workers and staff filled in a questionnaire consisting of 14 questions (including categorical, ordinal and numerical data).

The role of mobile phones as a possible pathway for pathogen movement, a cross-sectional microbial analysis.

Introduction: Mobile phones are used the world over, including in healthcare settings. This study aimed to investigate the viable microbial colonisation of mobile phones used by healthcare personnel.

Methods: Swabs collected on the same day from 30 mobile phones belonging to healthcare workers from three separate paediatric wards of an Australian hospital were cultured on five types of agar plate, then colonies from each phone were pooled, extracted and sequenced by shotgun metagenomics.

Mobile phones represent a pathway for microbial transmission: A scoping review.

Background: Mobile phones have become an integral part of modern society. As possible breeding grounds for microbial organisms, these constitute a potential global public health risk for microbial transmission.

Objective: Scoping review of literature examining microbial's presence on mobile phones in both health care (HC) and community settings.

Changes in peripapillary blood vessel density in Graves' orbitopathy after orbital decompression surgery as measured by optical coherence tomography angiography.

The purpose is to evaluate the utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography in the evaluation of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) and response to orbital decompression in patients with and without dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). This was a single-center, prospective case series in a cohort of 12 patients (24 orbits) with GO and ±DON, (6 orbits) who underwent bilateral orbital decompression. All patients underwent pre- and postoperative OCT angiography of the peripapillary area.

Supply and demand: How does variation in atmospheric oxygen during development affect insect tracheal and mitochondrial networks?

Atmospheric oxygen is one of the most important atmospheric component for all terrestrial organisms. Variation in atmospheric oxygen has wide ranging effects on animal physiology, development, and evolution. This variation in oxygen has the potential to affect both respiratory systems (the supply side) and mitochondrial networks (the demand side) in animals.

Studies on the Activation and Hydrosilylation Catalysis of RhCl(BuS).

RhCl(BuS) is an industrial precatalyst utilized in the curing of some solventless silicone-release coatings formulations. The catalyst requires no additional inhibitor, in contrast to typical Pt formulations, and so questions arose about how fast the catalyst could trigger curing if it were used in a more activated form. Studies on the activation of RhCl(BuS) revealed multiple intermediates, of which [RhCl(BuS)] and [RhHCl(SiMe(OSiMe)) (BuS)] were isolated.

Reaction of Aryl Diazonium Salts and Diiron(I) Dithiolato Carbonyls: Evidence for Radical Intermediates.

Treatment of Fe(2)(pdt)(CO)(4)(dppv) (1) with aryldiazonium salts affords the 34e(-) adducts [Fe(2)(pdt)(μ-N(2)Ar)(CO)(4)(dppv)](+) (pdt(2-) = 1,3-propanedithiolate, dppv = cis-C(2)H(2)(PPh(2))(2)). Under some conditions, the same reaction gave substantial amounts of [1](+), the product of electron-transfer. Consistent with the influence of electron transfer in the reactions of some electrophiles with Fe(I)Fe(I) dithiolates, the reaction of [Me(3)S(2)](+) and Fe(2)(pdt)(CO)(4)(dppbz) was found to give [Fe(2)(pdt)(CO)(4)(dppbz)](+) as well as Me(2)S and Me(2)S(2) (dppbz = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene).

EPR/ENDOR, Mössbauer, and quantum-chemical investigations of diiron complexes mimicking the active oxidized state of [FeFe]hydrogenase.

Understanding the catalytic process of the heterolytic splitting and formation of molecular hydrogen is one of the key topics for the development of a future hydrogen economy. With an interest in elucidating the enzymatic mechanism of the [Fe(2)(S(2)C(2)H(4)NH)(CN)(2)(CO)(2)(μ-CO)] active center uniquely found in [FeFe]hydrogenases, we present a detailed spectroscopic and theoretical analysis of its inorganic model [Fe(2)(S(2)X)(CO)(3)(dppv)(PMe(3))](+) [dppv = cis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene] in two forms with S(2)X = ethanedithiolate (1edt) and azadithiolate (1adt). These complexes represent models for the oxidized mixed-valent Fe(I)Fe(II) state analogous to the active oxidized "H(ox)" state of the native H-cluster.

Stereochemistry of electrophilic attack at 34e⁻ dimetallic complexes: the case of diiron dithiolato carbonyls + MeS⁺.

Experimental and computational experiments show that the electrophile MeS(+) attacks a single Fe center in Fe(2)(propanedithiolate)(CO)(4)(PMe(3))(2) followed by isomerization of this terminal thiolato complex to the corresponding μ-SMe derivative.

Role of the azadithiolate cofactor in models for [FeFe]-hydrogenase: novel structures and catalytic implications.

This paper summarizes studies on the redox behavior of synthetic models for the [FeFe]-hydrogenases, consisting of diiron dithiolato carbonyl complexes bearing the amine cofactor and its N-benzyl derivative. Of specific interest are the causes of the low reactivity of oxidized models toward H(2), which contrasts with the high activity of these enzymes for H(2) oxidation. The redox and acid-base properties of the model complexes [Fe(2)[(SCH(2))(2)NR](CO)(3)(dppv)(PMe(3))](+) ([2](+) for R = H and [2'](+) for R = CH(2)C(6)H(5), dppv = cis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene)) indicate that addition of H(2) followed by deprotonation are (i) endothermic for the mixed valence (Fe(II)Fe(I)) state and (ii) exothermic for the diferrous (Fe(II)Fe(II)) state.

Artificial hydrogenases.

Decades of biophysical study on the hydrogenase (H(2)ase) enzymes have yielded sufficient information to guide the synthesis of analogs of their active sites. Three families of enzymes serve as inspiration for this work: the [FeFe]-H(2)ases, [NiFe]-H(2)ases, and [Fe]-H(2)ases, all of which feature iron centers bound to both CO and thiolate. Artificial H(2)ases affect the oxidation of H(2) and the reverse reaction, the reduction of protons.

Hydrogen activation by biomimetic diiron dithiolates.

Using the thermally stable salts of [Fe(2)(SR)(2)(CO)(3)(PMe(3))(dppv)]BAr(F)(4), we found that the azadithiolates [Fe(2)(adtR)(CO)(3)(PMe(3))(dppv)](+) react with high pressures of H(2) to give the hydride [Fe(2)(mu-H)(adtR)(CO)(3)(dppv)(PMe(3))]BAr(F)(4). The related oxadithiolate and propanedithiolate complexes are unreactive toward H(2). Molecular hydrogen is proposed to undergo heterolysis assisted by the amine followed by isomerization of an initially formed terminal hydride.

Aza- and oxadithiolates are probable proton relays in functional models for the [FeFe]-hydrogenases.

The dithiolate cofactor for the [FeFe]-hydrogenase models, Fe(2)(xdt)(CO)(2)(dppv)(2) (where xdt = 1,3-propanedithiolate (pdt), azadithiolate (adt), (SCH(2))(2)NH, and oxadithiolate (odt), (SCH(2))(2)O; dppv = cis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene) have been probed for their functionality as proton relays enabling formation and deprotonation of terminal hydrides. Compared to the propanedithiolate derivative, the azadithiolate and oxaditiholate show enhanced rates of proton transfer between solution and the terminal site on one Fe center. The results are consistent with the heteroatom of the dithiolate serving a gating role for both protonation and deprotonation.

New nitrosyl derivatives of diiron dithiolates related to the active site of the [FeFe]-hydrogenases.

Nitrosyl derivatives of diiron dithiolato carbonyls have been prepared starting from the precursor Fe(2)(S(2)C(n)H(2n))(dppv)(CO)(4) (dppv = cis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphinoethylene). These studies expand the range of substituted diiron(I) dithiolato carbonyl complexes. From [Fe(2)(S(2)C(2)H(4))(CO)(3)(dppv)(NO)]BF(4) ([1(CO)(3)]BF(4)), the following compounds were prepared: [1(CO)(2)(PMe(3))]BF(4), [1(CO)(dppv)]BF(4), NEt(4)[1(CO)(CN)(2)], and 1(CO)(CN)(PMe(3)).

Nitrosyl derivatives of diiron(I) dithiolates mimic the structure and Lewis acidity of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase active site.

This study probes the impact of electronic asymmetry of diiron(I) dithiolato carbonyls. Treatment of Fe2(S2C(n)H(2n))(CO)(6-x)(PMe3)x compounds (n = 2, 3; x = 1, 2, 3) with NOBF4 gave the derivatives [Fe2(S2C(n)H(2n))(CO)(5-x)(PMe3)x(NO)]BF4, which are electronically unsymmetrical because of the presence of a single NO(+) ligand. Whereas the monophosphine derivative is largely undistorted, the bis(PMe3) derivatives are distorted such that the CO ligand on the Fe(CO)(PMe3)(NO)(+) subunit is semibridging.