Ebola virus disease: current vaccine solutions.

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is an emerging zoonotic disease with intermittent outbreaks in Central and West African countries. The unpredictable high case fatality rate has made it a disease of public health concern. Different vaccine platforms have shown prophylactic protection in human and non-human primates, with the progress towards a licensed vaccine greatly accelerated in response to the devastating outbreak of EVD in West Africa from 2013-2016.

Disinfection of water with new chitosan-modified hybrid clay composite adsorbent.

Hybrid clay composites were prepared from Kaolinite clay and seeds via modification with chitosan, Alum, NaOH, and ZnCl in different ratios, using solvothermal and surface modification techniques. Several composite adsorbents were prepared, and the most efficient of them for the removal of gram negative enteric bacteria was the hybrid clay composite that was surface-modified with chitosan, Ch-nHYCA (Chitosan: nHYCA = 1:5). This composite adsorbent had a maximum adsorption removal value of 4.