Endobronchial Ultrasound Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration and PD-L1 Yields.

Purpose: Immunotherapy is a leading approach for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint signaling pathway, particularly in tumors expressing high levels of PD-L1 (Jug et al. in J Am Soc Cytopathol 9:485-493, 2020; Perrotta et al. in Chest 158: 1230-1239, 2020).

Pathophysiology and Management of Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema in Patients with Acute Severe Brain Injury.

Acute brain injury (ABI) consists of any acquired insult to the brain and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 20% to 30% of patients with ABI develop a lung injury called neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), and its development often results in poor outcomes. This article provides a narrative review of the evidence regarding proposed mechanisms of injury, diagnosis, and treatment of NPE in the critical care setting.

Sedation challenges in patients with E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI).

E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) has become an epidemic that is increasingly affecting patients across USA. Recently, over 2100 cases have been reported in 49 states, resulting in at least 42 deaths. We present a case of rapid respiratory failure in an otherwise healthy and young patient who used a vaporiser containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during the month prior to admission.

Pattern and Adherence to Maintenance Medication Use in Medicare Beneficiaries with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: 2008-2013.

Maintenance medications provide symptomatic relief, improve lung function and reduce the risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite their proven benefits, limited information exists on maintenance medication use and adherence among users. We examined the patterns and factors associated with the receipt of and adherence to maintenance medication in individuals with COPD.

polymorphism increases risk for and severity of chronic hepatitis C liver disease.

Aim: To examine the association of polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C patients and development of liver disease spectrum.

Methods: Literature was searched systematically from PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane search engines for full-length articles written in English that examined polymorphism in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Studies evaluating the association of polymorphism spectrum (fatty liver, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) of CHC were included.

Diurnal and nocturnal variations in aqueous humor dynamics of patients with ocular hypertension undergoing medical therapy.

Objective: To evaluate the interaction of intraocular pressure(IOP)–lowering medications with physiologic day and night changes in aqueous humor dynamics in participants with ocular hypertension.

Methods: Thirty participants were enrolled in thisdouble-masked, randomized, crossover study. Each participant underwent aqueous humor dynamics measurements at baseline and at 2 weeks of dosing in random order with latanoprost in the evening and placebo in the morning, timolol maleate twice daily, and dorzolamide hydrochloride twice daily.