Defining the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and cough: probabilities, possibilities and limitations.

The common co-existence of cough and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is well established. However, ascertaining cause and effect is more difficult for many reasons that include occurrence by chance of two common symptoms, the changing definition of GORD, equipment limitations and the lack of randomised controlled trials. Given these difficulties, it is not surprising that there is disparity of opinion between respiratory and gastroenterology society guidelines on the link between GORD and chronic cough.

fMRI evidence of word frequency and strength effects in recognition memory.

We used event-related fMRI to investigate the neural correlates of encoding strength and word frequency effects in recognition memory. At test, participants made Old/New decisions to intermixed low (LF) and high frequency (HF) words that had been presented once or twice at study and to new, unstudied words. The Old/New effect for all hits vs.

fMRI evidence of word frequency and strength effects during episodic memory encoding.

Word frequency (WF) and strength effects are two important phenomena associated with episodic memory. The former refers to the superior hit-rate (HR) for low (LF) compared to high frequency (HF) words in recognition memory, while the latter describes the incremental effect(s) upon HRs associated with repeating an item at study. Using the "subsequent memory" method with event-related fMRI, we tested the attention-at-encoding (AE) [M.

Cough quality in children: a comparison of subjective vs. bronchoscopic findings.

Background: Cough is the most common symptom presenting to doctors. The quality of cough (productive or wet vs dry) is used clinically as well as in epidemiology and clinical research. There is however no data on the validity of cough quality descriptors.

Orthographic/phonological facilitation of naming responses in the picture-word task: an event-related fMRI study using overt vocal responding.

In the picture-word interference task, naming responses are facilitated when a distractor word is orthographically and phonologically related to the depicted object as compared to an unrelated word. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the cerebral hemodynamic responses associated with this priming effect. Serial (or independent-stage) and interactive models of word production that explicitly account for picture-word interference effects assume that the locus of the effect is at the level of retrieving phonological codes, a role attributed recently to the left posterior superior temporal cortex (Wernicke's area).