The effect of adductor canal block on outcomes of total knee arthroplasty: A single centre, historical cohort study.

Background: Adductor canal blocks (ACBs) have been associated with reduced pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There is a paucity of evidence regarding whether these early differences impact longer term outcomes. This study aimed to identify whether using ACB in TKA was associated with improvements in both early and late outcomes.

The Association Between Delaying Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescents and Increasing Meniscal and Chondral Pathology: A Cohort Study of 2740 Adolescents.

Background: A growing body of evidence surrounds secondary meniscal and cartilage pathology after delay to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Many of these studies focus on or include an adult population.

Purpose: To elucidate the prevalence of secondary meniscal and chondral pathology with delay to ACLR in the adolescent population as well as examine the influence of sex, skeletal maturity, and trends over the years.

Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Improves Accuracy and Reproducibility of the Polyethylene Insert Thickness Compared to Manual Instrumentation or Navigation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Increased accuracy and lower rates of component positioning outliers have been associated with better long-term survival and functional outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study investigates the accuracy of robotic-assisted TKA compared to navigation-assisted and manual instrumentation techniques, using polyethylene tibial insert thickness as a surrogate.

Methods: Consecutive primary TKA by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed and divided in 3 groups: manual instrumentation, navigation-assisted, and robotic-assisted (RA-TKA).

Novel Corrector for Variants of SLC6A8: A Therapeutic Opportunity for Creatine Transporter Deficiency.

Mutations in creatine transporter SLC6A8 cause creatine transporter deficiency (CTD), which is responsible for 2% of all cases of X-linked intellectual disability. CTD has no current treatments and has a high unmet medical need. Inspired by the transformational therapeutic impact of small molecule "correctors" for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, which bind to mutated versions of the CFTR ion channel to promote its trafficking to the cell surface, we sought to identify small molecules that could stabilize SLC6A8 as a potential treatment for CTD.

Advancing mHealth Research in Low-Resource Settings: Young Women's Insights and Implementation Challenges with Wearable Smartwatch Devices in Uganda.

In many regions globally, including low-resource settings, there is a growing trend towards using mHealth technology, such as wearable sensors, to enhance health behaviors and outcomes. However, adoption of such devices in research conducted in low-resource settings lags behind use in high-resource areas. Moreover, there is a scarcity of research that specifically examines the user experience, readiness for and challenges of integrating wearable sensors into health research and community interventions in low-resource settings specifically.

A Rare Case of Acute Methotrexate Toxicity Leading to Bone Marrow Suppression.

Methotrexate is a first-line disease modifying antirheumatic drug used for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. Bone marrow suppression is a common adverse reaction of methotrexate following its long-term use. However, low dose methotrexate is rarely associated with life-threatening bone marrow suppression.

Global signal peptide profiling reveals principles of selective Sec61 inhibition.

Cotransins target the Sec61 translocon and inhibit the biogenesis of an undefined subset of secretory and membrane proteins. Remarkably, cotransin inhibition depends on the unique signal peptide (SP) of each Sec61 client, which is required for cotranslational translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum. It remains unknown how an SP's amino acid sequence and biophysical properties confer sensitivity to structurally distinct cotransins.

Gluteal Tendinopathy Is Associated With Lower Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Total Hip Arthroplasty With a Posterior Approach: A Prospective Cohort Study of 1,538 Patients.

Background: Gluteal tendinopathy (GT) is found in 20 to 25% of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Despite this, there is a scarcity of literature assessing the association between GT and THA outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether intraoperative diagnosis of GT negatively affected postoperative outcomes.

A Longitudinal Analysis of Trajectories and Predictors of Fidelity Using the SafeCare Parenting Model.

Evidence-based practice (EBP) fidelity, understood as the extent to which a program is implemented as the developers intended, is a key implementation variable which likely relates to consumer outcomes. However, studies that track fidelity longitudinally and at large scale are uncommon, and finding reliable predictors of fidelity has proven to be a complex challenge. Further, attitudes toward EBP are a potentially important predictor of fidelity, but results across the literature have been mixed.

Impact of concurrent glomerulonephritis on outcomes of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.

Objectives: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) commonly presents with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) and/or glomerulonephritis. Patients who present with DAH but without kidney involvement have been understudied.

Methods: Patients with DAH diagnosed by bronchoscopy and attributed to AAV over 8.

Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Sclerosis.

Systemic sclerosis, commonly known as scleroderma, is an autoimmune disorder characterized by vascular abnormalities, autoimmunity, and multiorgan fibrosis. The exact etiology is not known but believed to be triggered by environmental agents in a genetically susceptible host. Vascular symptoms such as the Raynaud phenomenon often precede other fibrotic manifestations such as skin thickening indicating that vascular dysfunction is the primary event.

The economic impact of COVID-19 on the creative industries: a sub-regional input-output approach.

The creative industries are a strategically important sector for the Cardiff Capital Region (CCR) which houses large public sector broadcasters and an ecosystem of IT and software businesses. The CCR is an administrative boundary in Wales which captures just under half of the Welsh population but over half of the Welsh economy. The pandemic and resultant lockdown restrictions have had profound impacts on the creative industries, a sector which depends heavily on in-person interaction.

Goals, challenges and strategies for wound and bleeding management in total knee arthroplasty: A modified Delphi method.

Background: Surgical techniques related to soft tissue management play critical roles in optimizing surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite the importance of wound closure and bleeding management approaches, no published guidelines/consensus are available.

Methods: Twelve orthopedic surgeons participated in a modified Delphi panel consisting of 2 parts (each part comprising two rounds) from September-October 2018.

A Comparative Analysis of Gender Discrepancy Stress, Attitudes toward Intimate Partner Violence, and Perpetration among Young Adults in the USA and Uganda.

Background: There is a dearth of data on the modifiable factors that contribute to violence in low- and middle-income countries, including attitudes regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) and perceptions of gender identity. We examined these factors using a cross-cultural comparison between young adults in Uganda and the United States.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was distributed to young adults aged 18 to 25 in Uganda (n = 300) and the U.

Opioid use and patient outcomes in an Australian hip and knee arthroplasty cohort.

Background: To determine the prevalence of opioid use in Australian hip (THA) or knee (TKA) cohort, and its association with outcomes.

Methods: About 837 primary THA or TKA subjects prospectively completed Oxford Scores, and Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score(KOOS/HOOS) and opioid use in the previous week before arthroplasty. Subjects repeated the baseline survey at 6 months, with additional questions regarding satisfaction.

Foot Pain is Common, But Frequently Improves 1 Year After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Osteoarthritis frequently affects multiple joints through the lower limbs. This study sought to examine the incidence of foot pain in subjects undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and determine if foot symptoms improved following surgery.

Methods: Six hundred ten subjects undergoing TKA completed patient-reported outcome measures preoperatively, and at 6 and/or 12 months after surgery including the incidence and severity of foot or ankle pain, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS) Joint Replacement, Oxford Knee Scores (OKS), EQ5D, and satisfaction.

Place Is Power: Investing in Communities as a Systemic Leverage Point to Reduce Breast Cancer Disparities by Race.

Racial disparities in breast cancer present a vexing and complex challenge for public health. A diverse array of factors contributes to disparities in breast cancer incidence and outcomes, and, thus far, efforts to improve racial equity have yielded mixed results. Systems theory offers a model that is well-suited to addressing complex issues.

Adaptation and implementation of a parenting curriculum in a refugee/immigrant community using a task-shifting approach: a study protocol.

Background: Delivering evidence-based interventions to refugee and immigrant families is difficult for several reasons, including language and cultural issues, and access and trust issues that can lead to an unwillingness to engage with the typical intervention delivery systems. Adapting both the intervention and the delivery system for evidence-based interventions can make those interventions more appropriate and palatable for the targeted population, increasing uptake and effectiveness. This study focuses on the adaptation of the SafeCare© parenting model, and its delivery through either standard implementation methods via community-based organizations (CBO) and a task-shifted implementation in which members of the Afghans, Burmese, Congolese community will be trained to deliver SafeCare.

Conforming patellar button design improves outcome of total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Patellar resurfacing is commonly performed during total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and the patellar button design can vary within a TKA implant. Implant design is known to affect patella kinematics, contact mechanics, and ultimately the outcome of TKA. The aim of this study was to compare the patient-reported outcomes of TKA with either a conforming (CP) or medialized dome (MD) patellar component.

Improvement in Sleep Patterns After Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Study in 780 Patients.

Background: This study assessed change in sleep patterns before and after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and its relationship to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods: Between July 2016 and June 2018, surgical data and PROMs were collected on 780 subjects before and 12 months after THA or TKA. PROMs included Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, patient satisfaction, and 2 questions from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Utility of preoperative blood screening before hip and knee arthroplasty.

Background: It is engrained in medical training that routine blood screening prior to arthroplasty is necessary for optimal patient care. There is little evidence to support their utility and the aggregate cost to the health system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate preoperative blood screening by identifying the frequency of an abnormal result and to examine the influence of age, gender and body mass index on the frequency of abnormal blood pathology.

Does adoption of an evidence-based practice lead to job turnover? Results from a randomized trial.

It is important to understand the impact of implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) on the workforce. EBP implementation can increase job demands, stress, and burnout, and may thereby exacerbate turnover. This study examined the effects of implementation of an EBP on turnover among staff at nine child welfare agencies.

Inpatient rehabilitation did not positively affect 6-month patient-reported outcomes after hip or knee arthroplasty.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare patient-reported outcomes 6 months after hip or knee arthroplasty in subjects who were discharged to home compared to those who attended inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods: Seven hundred and forty-eight consecutive total hip or knee replacement patients were identified from a prospective database. Preoperative and 6-month post-operative patient-reported outcome measures were recorded.