Low-Temperature Decomposition and Oxidation of the Nerve Agent Simulant on Mesoporous Nickel Oxide and Cu-Doped Nickel Oxide.

In an effort to develop the next frontier filtration material for chemical warfare agent (CWA) decomposition, we synthesized mesoporous NiO and CuNiO ( = 0.10 and 0.20) and studied the decomposition of CWA simulant diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DIFP) on their surfaces.

Evaluating Staffing Guidelines Using Trauma Volume by Season, Day, and Time of Day at a Level 1 Trauma Center in Rural Appalachia.

Background Trauma is regarded as randomly occurring, but patterns exist for trauma volume which are useful in staffing guidelines and resource allocation. Literature on trauma admissions volume has been centered around geographically/climatically diverse centers and has often not considered many different temporal factors at once. Additionally, studies on trauma volume and staffing centered around rural or southern Trauma 1 centers were largely absent in the literature.

Evaluation of Secondary Overtriage at a Rural Level 1 Trauma Center.

Objective: To retrospectively assess the prevalence of secondary overtriage (SO) within a rural regional Appalachian health care system.

Methods: Trauma registry data was extracted for all trauma activation transfer patients from 2017 to 2022. Transferred patients were then stratified into two groups, non-secondary overtriage (non-SO) or SO.

Parallel Encoding of Speech in Human Frontal and Temporal Lobes.

Models of speech perception are centered around a hierarchy in which auditory representations in the thalamus propagate to primary auditory cortex, then to the lateral temporal cortex, and finally through dorsal and ventral pathways to sites in the frontal lobe. However, evidence for short latency speech responses and low-level spectrotemporal representations in frontal cortex raises the question of whether speech-evoked activity in frontal cortex strictly reflects downstream processing from lateral temporal cortex or whether there are direct parallel pathways from the thalamus or primary auditory cortex to the frontal lobe that supplement the traditional hierarchical architecture. Here, we used high-density direct cortical recordings, high-resolution diffusion tractography, and hemodynamic functional connectivity to evaluate for evidence of direct parallel inputs to frontal cortex from low-level areas.

Trends of Self-Inflicted Firearm Injuries at a Rural Level 1 Trauma Center.

Firearm injuries are a major public health concern with much focus on injuries due to violent crimes in urban areas. Less focus has been on self-inflicted injuries and rural settings. This study included 201 patients, of which 124 (61.

Outcome of Seatbelt Education and Safety Program Among Teenagers.

Despite the effectiveness of seatbelts, concerns persist about compliance, especially among teenagers. Survey data from a local high school and registry data from a level 1 trauma center were used to observe seatbelt and motor vehicle accident trends. The survey data was analyzed to gauge student's sentiments on seatbelt education.

Encoding of melody in the human auditory cortex.

Melody is a core component of music in which discrete pitches are serially arranged to convey emotion and meaning. Perception varies along several pitch-based dimensions: (i) the absolute pitch of notes, (ii) the difference in pitch between successive notes, and (iii) the statistical expectation of each note given prior context. How the brain represents these dimensions and whether their encoding is specialized for music remains unknown.

Large-scale single-neuron speech sound encoding across the depth of human cortex.

Understanding the neural basis of speech perception requires that we study the human brain both at the scale of the fundamental computational unit of neurons and in their organization across the depth of cortex. Here we used high-density Neuropixels arrays to record from 685 neurons across cortical layers at nine sites in a high-level auditory region that is critical for speech, the superior temporal gyrus, while participants listened to spoken sentences. Single neurons encoded a wide range of speech sound cues, including features of consonants and vowels, relative vocal pitch, onsets, amplitude envelope and sequence statistics.

Encoding of melody in the human auditory cortex.

Unlabelled: Melody is a core component of music in which discrete pitches are serially arranged to convey emotion and meaning. Perception of melody varies along several pitch-based dimensions: (1) the absolute pitch of notes, (2) the difference in pitch between successive notes, and (3) the higher-order statistical expectation of each note conditioned on its prior context. While humans readily perceive melody, how these dimensions are collectively represented in the brain and whether their encoding is specialized for music remains unknown.

Interictal epileptiform discharges contribute to word-finding difficulty in epilepsy through multiple cognitive mechanisms.

Objective: Cognitive impairment often impacts quality of life in epilepsy even if seizures are controlled. Word-finding difficulty is particularly prevalent and often attributed to etiological (static, baseline) circuit alterations. We sought to determine whether interictal discharges convey significant superimposed contributions to word-finding difficulty in patients, and if so, through which cognitive mechanism(s).

Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulates Performance but Not Pupil Size During Nonnative Speech Category Learning.

Purpose: Subthreshold transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) synchronized with behavioral training can selectively enhance nonnative speech category learning in adults. Prior work has demonstrated that behavioral performance increases when taVNS is paired with easier-to-learn Mandarin tone categories in native English listeners, relative to when taVNS is paired with harder-to-learn Mandarin tone categories or without taVNS. Mechanistically, this temporally precise plasticity has been attributed to noradrenergic modulation.

Impact of Trauma Resuscitation Emergency Care Nurse Deployment in Trauma Activations in a Rural Trauma Center.

Background: Although the role of a dedicated trauma nurse has been implemented in an urban setting, it has not been studied in the rural trauma setting. We instituted a trauma resuscitation emergency care (TREC) nurse role to respond to trauma activations at our rural trauma center.

Objective: This study aims to determine the impact of TREC nurse deployment on the timeliness of resuscitation interventions in trauma activations.

Apraxia of speech with phonological alexia and agraphia following resection of the left middle precentral gyrus: illustrative case.

Background: Apraxia of speech is a disorder of speech-motor planning in which articulation is effortful and error-prone despite normal strength of the articulators. Phonological alexia and agraphia are disorders of reading and writing disproportionately affecting unfamiliar words. These disorders are almost always accompanied by aphasia.

Impact of Non-Automobile Rollover Accidents on Patient Outcomes at an Appalachian Level I Trauma Center.

The objective of this study was to evaluate outcomes of patients involved in rollover accidents in non-automobile vehicles in a rural level I trauma center. This was a retrospective study including a total of 127 patients over 5 years who were admitted to our level I trauma center following rollover accidents in either of the following: ATV, lawnmower, or tractor. Patients were significantly older in the tractor and lawnmower rollover groups, and patients less than 65 years old were significantly more likely to sustain an injury in a rollover accident when compared to those greater than 65.

Poor Outcomes of Patients From Delayed Care After Ground Level Falls.

Background: Ground level falls are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. Delayed presentation in many conditions has been proven to lead to worsened outcomes. Currently, there are limited data on outcomes of those who have a delayed presentation after a ground level fall.

Experimental Study of the Adsorption and Decomposition of Sarin on Dry Copper(II) Oxide.

Organophosphonates were originally developed as insecticides but were quickly identified as highly toxic acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, leading to their exploitation as chemical warfare agents (CWA). To develop next generation filtration technologies, there must be a fundamental understanding of the molecular interactions occurring with toxic chemicals, such as CWAs. In this paper, we investigate the interaction between dry CuO nanoparticles and sarin (GB), using infrared (IR) spectroscopy in an effort to build an atomic understanding.

Impact of All-Terrain Vehicle Accidents on Pediatric Patient Outcomes at an Appalachian Children's Hospital.

Introduction The use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) has become increasingly popular as an outdoor recreational activity among people living in the United States, particularly in areas such as the southeast. There are significant risks involved with riding ATVs, especially in the pediatric population, due to lack of training and experience. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of pediatric patients involved in ATV-associated accidents.

Spectroscopic studies of methyl paraoxon decomposition over mesoporous Ce-doped titanias for toxic chemical filtration.

The ever-constant threat of chemical warfare agents (CWA) motivates the design of materials to provide better protection to warfighters and civilians. Cerium and titanium oxide are known to react with organophosphorus compounds such Sarin and Soman. To study the decomposition of methyl paraoxon (CWA simulant) on such materials, we synthesized ordered mesoporous metal oxides (MMO) TiO, CeTiO (x = 0.

High-density single-unit human cortical recordings using the Neuropixels probe.

The action potential is a fundamental unit of neural computation. Even though significant advances have been made in recording large numbers of individual neurons in animal models, translation of these methodologies to humans has been limited because of clinical constraints and electrode reliability. Here, we present a reliable method for intraoperative recording of dozens of neurons in humans using the Neuropixels probe, yielding up to ∼100 simultaneously recorded single units.

Controlled Substance Use and Clinical Outcomes of Elderly Patients After a Fall.

Controlled substance use, particularly among the rising elderly population, places these patients at a much higher risk of falls, injuries, and hospitalization. This study examines the association between preinjury controlled substance prescription and clinical outcomes of older adults after a ground-level fall. A total of 5,930 patients were included.

Two Cases of Respiratory Insufficiency Secondary to Pre-procedural Nerve Blocks for Upper Extremity Injuries.

Interscalene nerve blocks are common procedures performed before upper extremity surgeries in order to provide post-op pain relief and improve recovery time. Here we present two cases of patients who underwent a unilateral supraclavicular and bilateral interscalene nerve block, respectively. The first patient had no risk factors but the second presented with a body mass index of 45.

Human intracranial recordings reveal distinct cortical activity patterns during invasive and non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is being used increasingly to treat a wide array of diseases and disorders. This growth is driven in part by the putative ability to stimulate the nerve non-invasively. Despite decades of use and a rapidly expanding application space, we lack a complete understanding of the acute effects of VNS on human cortical neurophysiology.

Learning nonnative speech sounds changes local encoding in the adult human cortex.

Adults can learn to identify nonnative speech sounds with training, albeit with substantial variability in learning behavior. Increases in behavioral accuracy are associated with increased separability for sound representations in cortical speech areas. However, it remains unclear whether individual auditory neural populations all show the same types of changes with learning, or whether there are heterogeneous encoding patterns.