Neural network for autonomous segmentation and volumetric assessment of clot and edema in acute and subacute intracerebral hemorrhages.

Introduction: Minimally-invasive surgical techniques for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) evacuation use imaging to guide the suction, lysing and/or drainage from the hemorrhage site via various designs. A previous international surgical study has shown that reduction of hematoma volume below 15 ml is indicative of improved long term patient outcomes. The study noted a need for tools to periodically visualize remaining clot during intervention to increase the likelihood of evacuating sufficient clot volumes without endangering rebleeds.

Integrated Fluorescence Microscopy (iFLM) for Cryo-FIB-milling and In-situ Cryo-ET.

Correlative cryo-FLM-FIB milling is a powerful sample preparation technique for cryo-ET. However, correlative workflows that incorporate precise targeting remain challenging. Here, we demonstrate the development and use of an integrated Fluorescence Light Microscope (iFLM) module within a cryo-FIB-SEM to enable a coordinate-based two-point 3D correlative workflow.

Evaluation of sarcopenia in patients receiving intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), but less is known about its impact in the setting of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Sarcopenia, skeletal muscle density, and adipose tissue area have been studied as markers of malnutrition and can be determined radiographically. The purpose of this study is to characterize the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with NMIBC receiving intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).

A multisystem, dimensional interplay of assets versus adversities: Revised benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) in the context of childhood maltreatment, threat, and deprivation.

This study expanded the Benevolent Childhood Experiences scale (termed the "BCEs-Original" scale) with 10 new multisystem items and identified a subset of items (termed the "BCEs-Revised" scale) that are systematically less commonly reported across samples. Total BCEs-Revised scores were tested against total BCEs-Original scores and three dimensions of childhood adversity (maltreatment, threat, and deprivation) as predictors of young adulthood mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms). Hypotheses expected stronger inverse associations of BCEs-Revised scores than BCEs-Original scores with all mental health problems.

PET/MRI in Gynecologic Malignancy.

Patients with gynecologic malignancies often require a multimodality imaging approach for initial staging, treatment response assessment, and surveillance. MRI imaging and PET are two well-established and widely accepted modalities in this setting. Although PET and MRI imaging are often acquired separately on two platforms (a PET/computed tomography [CT] and an MRI imaging scanner), hybrid PET/MRI scanners offer the potential for comprehensive disease assessment in one visit.

Escherichia coli O127 group 4 capsule proteins assemble at the outer membrane.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O127 is encapsulated by a protective layer of polysaccharide made of the same strain specific O-antigen as the serotype lipopolysaccharide. Seven genes encoding capsule export functions comprise the group 4 capsule (gfc) operon. Genes gfcE, etk and etp encode homologs of the group 1 capsule secretion system but the upstream gfcABCD genes encode unknown functions specific to group 4 capsule export.

A comprehensive characterization of the cell-free transcriptome reveals tissue- and subtype-specific biomarkers for cancer detection.

Cell-free RNA (cfRNA) is a promising analyte for cancer detection. However, a comprehensive assessment of cfRNA in individuals with and without cancer has not been conducted. We perform the first transcriptome-wide characterization of cfRNA in cancer (stage III breast [n = 46], lung [n = 30]) and non-cancer (n = 89) participants from the Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas (NCT02889978).

CorRelator: Interactive software for real-time high precision cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy.

Cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is a technique that uses the spatiotemporal cues from fluorescence light microscopy (FLM) to investigate the high-resolution ultrastructure of biological samples by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Cryo-CLEM provides advantages for identifying and distinguishing fluorescently labeled proteins, macromolecular complexes, and organelles from the cellular environment. Challenges remain on how correlation workflows and software tools are implemented on different microscope platforms to support automated cryo-EM data acquisition.

Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome Presenting with Genitourinary Manifestations.

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a rare disorder characterized by acute, multi-system dysfunc- tion due to small-vessel thrombosis related to anti-phospholipid antibodies. Here we present an unusual case of CAPS presenting with genitourinary manifestations. A 72-year-old male developed a series of symptoms over the course of two weeks.

Alignment-free filtering for cfNA fusion fragments.

Motivation: Cell-free nucleic acid (cfNA) sequencing data require improvements to existing fusion detection methods along multiple axes: high depth of sequencing, low allele fractions, short fragment lengths and specialized barcodes, such as unique molecular identifiers.

Results: AF4 was developed to address these challenges. It uses a novel alignment-free kmer-based method to detect candidate fusion fragments with high sensitivity and orders of magnitude faster than existing tools.

The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Adult Anterior Open Bite Study: Treatment recommendations and their association with patient and practitioner characteristics.

Introduction: This aim of this paper is to describe and identify the practitioner and patient characteristics that are associated with treatment recommendations for adult anterior open bite patients across the United States.

Methods: Practitioners and patients were recruited within the framework of the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Practitioners were asked about their demographic characteristics and their treatment recommendations for these patients.

CT colonography screening in extracolonic cancer survivors: impact on rates of colorectal and extracolonic findings by cancer type.

Purpose: To compare the rates of colorectal and extracolonic findings at CT colonography (CTC) screening between patients with and without a personal prior history of other.

Methods: Over a 160-month interval, 349 adults (mean age, 60.3 years; 67% female) with a positive history of extracolonic cancer [Ca(+)], excluding 271 patients with isolated non-melanoma skin cancers, underwent CTC screening.

Glucan Binding Protein C of Streptococcus mutans Mediates both Sucrose-Independent and Sucrose-Dependent Adherence.

The high-resolution structure of glucan binding protein C (GbpC) at 1.14 Å, a sucrose-dependent virulence factor of the dental caries pathogen , has been determined. GbpC shares not only structural similarities with the V regions of AgI/II and SspB but also functional adherence to salivary agglutinin (SAG) and its scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains (SRCRs).

An interaction between myosin-10 and the cell cycle regulator Wee1 links spindle dynamics to mitotic progression in epithelia.

Anaphase in epithelia typically does not ensue until after spindles have achieved a characteristic position and orientation, but how or even if cells link spindle position to anaphase onset is unknown. Here, we show that myosin-10 (Myo10), a motor protein involved in epithelial spindle dynamics, binds to Wee1, a conserved regulator of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). Wee1 inhibition accelerates progression through metaphase and disrupts normal spindle dynamics, whereas perturbing Myo10 function delays anaphase onset in a Wee1-dependent manner.

Automated mitotic spindle tracking suggests a link between spindle dynamics, spindle orientation, and anaphase onset in epithelial cells.

Proper spindle positioning at anaphase onset is essential for normal tissue organization and function. Here we develop automated spindle-tracking software and apply it to characterize mitotic spindle dynamics in the embryonic epithelium. We find that metaphase spindles first undergo a sustained rotation that brings them on-axis with their final orientation.

Predictors of emotional and physical dating violence in a sample of serious juvenile offenders.

Aim: We estimate group-based dating violence trajectories and identify the adolescent risk factors that explain membership in each trajectory group.

Method: Using longitudinal data from the Pathways to Desistance Study, which follows a sample of 1354 serious juvenile offenders from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Phoenix, Arizona between mid-adolescence and early adulthood, we estimate group-based trajectory models of both emotional dating violence and physical dating violence over a span of five years in young adulthood. We then estimate multinomial logistic regression models to identify theoretically motivated risk factors that predict membership in these groups.