Effects of an oral hygiene regimen on progression of gingivitis/early periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Periodontal disease continues to be prevalent globally, but little clinical research has been undertaken to evaluate the long-term benefits of a daily oral hygiene regimen on progression of gingivitis/early periodontitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an oral hygiene regimen (OHR) on the periodontal health of adults in good general health with established gingivitis and early periodontitis over 24 months.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in adults with established gingivitis, with isolated sites of probing pocket depth >4 mm.

Clinical Parameters and Oral Fluid Biomarkers in Gingivitis Subjects using an Electric Toothbrush with Irrigator vs a Manual Toothbrush Alone over 8 Weeks: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes and oral fluid biomarkers in gingivitis subjects using an electric toothbrush/irrigator combination (test) or a manual toothbrush alone (control) over 8 weeks.

Materials And Methods: Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of n = 30. In both groups, toothbrushing was performed twice daily at home and no additional interdental cleaning aids were allowed.

A randomized controlled trial of a power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse routine on plaque and gingivitis reduction in orthodontic patients.

Objectives: To assess plaque and gingivitis reduction in orthodontic patients after 4 weeks' use of an oscillating-rotating power brush, irrigator, and mouthrinse.

Materials And Methods: This was a randomized, examiner-blind, clinical trial comparing plaque and gingivitis outcomes for an experimental power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse oral hygiene routine vs a dental prophylaxis followed by regular manual brushing (positive control). Fifty-one participants with fixed orthodontic appliances in the upper and lower jaw and a minimum of 15 gingival bleeding sites were randomly assigned to experimental or positive control treatment.

A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of an Oscillating-Rotating Electric Toothbrush, a Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice, and Floss on Gingivitis.

Objectives: To evaluate the gingival health efficacy of an oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush, a stannous fluoride dentifrice, and dental floss in adults with mild-to-moderate gingivitis.

Methods: This was a single-center, randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, two-treatment, eight-week parallel group study in adults with at least 20 gingival bleeding sites. Eligible subjects were randomized equally to one of two groups: experimental oral hygiene group that included an Oral-B® oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush with round brush head (D20/EB20), Crest® stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice (SnF2 1100 ppm F, NaF 350 ppm F), and Oral-B® Glide® floss; or regular oral hygiene control group that included a regular manual toothbrush (Oral-B® Indicator 35) and Crest® anti-cavity sodium fluoride dentifrice (NaF 1450 ppm F).

Relative Performance of Antisensitivity Dentifrice, Rinse, and Oxalate Strips: An In Vitro Comparison of Common Global Over-the-Counter Products.

Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of a polyethylene strip coated with an oxalate-containing gel to occlude patent tubuli in human dentin.

Methods: An in vitro model was adapted from the published literature to create a physiologically relevant microenvironment to study immediate and long-term effects of the strip. Observation techniques included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM of ion-milled surfaces (SEM/FIB), and synchrotron-based x-ray microtomography.

Response of chronic gingivitis to hygiene therapy and experimental gingivitis. Clinical, microbiological and metabonomic changes.

Purpose: To compare the clinical, microbiological and metabonomic profiles of subjects with high and low levels of chronic gingival bleeding during a controlled oral hygiene regimen intervention including sequential phases of rigorous therapeutic oral hygiene followed by experimental gingivitis (EG).

Methods: Two cohorts of qualified study subjects with differences in gingival bleeding on probing levels at their baseline clinical examination were entered into the study. These two cohorts were followed through three separate study phases including a 1-week baseline phase, a 2-week phase of rigorous oral hygiene including dental prophylaxis, and a 3-week EG phase of no oral hygiene to encourage relapse of gingivitis.

A clinical study to assess the effect of a stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice on hypersensitivity relative to a marketed sodium fluoride/triclosan control.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a marketed stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity as compared to a marketed sodium fluoride (NaF)/triclosan dentifrice over an eight-week period.

Methods: Adults with confirmed dentinal hypersensitivity were enrolled in this randomized and controlled, parallel group, double blind, eight-week, single-center clinical trial. Random assignment to one of two dentifrice test groups via age, gender, and thermal sensitivity of enrolled test teeth was performed at baseline, with subjects assigned to twice-daily unsupervised brushing with either the marketed SnF2 dentifrice (Oral-B Pro-Expert, 0.

A randomized controlled clinical trial to assess the desensitizing effect of a stannous fluoride dentifrice.

Purpose: To assess the dentin hypersensitivity-reducing effectiveness of a 0.454% stannous-containing dentifrice as compared to a marketed negative control dentifrice after the first brushing as well as after 3 days and 2 weeks of twice daily use.

Methods: This was a 2-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, single-center clinical investigation in confirmed dentin hypersensitivity adult sufferers.

Evaluation of anti-gingivitis benefits of stannous fluoride dentifrice among triclosan dentifrice users.

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-gingivitis benefits of a 0.454% highly bioavailable stannous fluoride dentifrice (SnF2) relative to a 0.3% triclosan/copolymer dentifrice (triclosan/copolymer) among triclosan/copolymer dentifrice users with residual gingivitis.

Digital plaque imaging evaluation of a stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice compared with a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice.

Purpose: To compare the relative plaque control efficacy of a marketed 0.454% stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice relative to a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice using digital plaque imaging analysis (DPIA).

Methods: This was a randomized, two-treatment, double-blind, parallel group design study that compared SnF2 and triclosan/copolymer dentifrices over a period of 3 weeks.

In situ clinical evaluation of a stabilised, stannous fluoride dentifrice.

Objectives: To compare the erosion protection efficacy of a stabilised, stannous fluoride (SnF2 ) dentifrice versus a sodium fluoride (NaF) dentifrice using a modified in situ clinical model.

Methods: This study, a randomised parallel group in situ design with in vivo product use and ex vivo acid challenge, compared: A, a dentifrice containing 1,450 ppm F as NaF; B, a dentifrice containing 1,450 ppm F (1,100 ppm F as SnF2 + 350 ppm F as NaF); and T, tap water. Sample size was n = 4 per group (total of 12 subjects) and within each subject appliances were placed on each side of the mouth (left and right).

A randomised in situ trial, measuring the anti-erosive properties of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice compared with a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice.

Objectives: To determine if a stabilised, stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice provides greater enamel protection in situ against intraoral dietary erosive challenges compared with a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice.

Methods: A single-centre, investigator blind, randomised, supervised, two-treatment, non-brushing, four-period crossover in situ study was undertaken, with each test period being 15 days. Thirty-five healthy adult subjects were recruited to participate in the study, which included four erosive acid challenges per day.

Measuring enamel erosion: a comparative study of contact profilometry, non-contact profilometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Objectives: To compare three instruments for their ability to quantify enamel loss after acid erosion.

Methods: 6 randomized parallel groups of bovine enamel samples were subjected to citric acid (higher acidity) or orange juice (lower acidity) erosion and remineralisation in a cycling model. Two protected shoulders were created on each of the samples using tape, to serve as reference for analysis.

Assessment of the effects of a stannous fluoride dentifrice on gingivitis in a two-month positive-controlled clinical study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-gingivitis effectiveness of a 0.454% stannous fluoride test dentifrice relative to a marketed positive-control triclosan-containing dentifrice in adults with gingivitis.

Methods: This was a two-month, randomized and controlled, double-blind, parallel group, single-center investigation involving 150 adults with existing mild to moderate gingivitis.

Anti-gingivitis effects of a novel 0.454% stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice relative to a positive control.

Purpose: To compare the anti-gingivitis efficacy of a novel 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice to a commercially available positive control triclosan-containing dentifrice in a population of adults with gingivitis.

Methods: This single-center, randomized and controlled, double-blind, parallel group, 2-month trial enrolled 200 adults with mild-to-moderate gingivitis.

The Featherstone laboratory pH cycling model: a prospective, multi-site validation exercise.

Purpose: To demonstrate the robustness of the Featherstone pH cycling model when tested in three independent laboratories and to evaluate the use of "non-inferiority" testing at those laboratories.

Methods: The fundamental principles for the Featherstone laboratory pH cycling model to be an appropriate alternative to animal testing is that it must demonstrate equivalent accuracy to the "Gold Standard" (rat caries model) by: (1) providing a meaningful representation of the caries process; (2) demonstrating a proportionate response to fluoride dose (or concentration); (3) being able to show that clinically proven formulations perform similarly relative to the controls; and (4) differentiating products that have attenuated fluoride activity.

Results: This cross-validation study confirmed the ability of the three independent laboratories to discriminate between various concentrations of fluoride-containing dentifrice formulations, demonstrated that clinically proven formulas perform as expected and identified an attenuated fluoride formulation (NaF/CaCO3 dentifrice - 1100 ppm NaF) as inferior compared to the 1100 ppm F (NaF/silica) positive control.

Clinical trial assessing light enhancement of in-office tooth whitening.

Objective: Evaluate a light-enhanced in-office tooth whitening system in order to assess tooth color and safety.

Methods: Thirty-three adults were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Professional treatment involved application of a 25% H(2)O(2) gel (Discus Dental ZOOM!) with light enhancement, H(2)O(2) gel alone, or the light alone with no peroxide.

Placebo-controlled clinical trial of use of 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips for medication-induced xerostomia.

Objective: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of peroxide-containing strip-based tooth whitening among subjects with medication-induced hyposalivation.

Methods: Eligibility for this tooth whitening study was limited to dentate adults taking xerogenic medications with an unstimulated salivary flow < or = 0.2 ml/min.

Effects of duration of whitening strip treatment on tooth color: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of 6% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip used twice daily over an extended, 6-week period.

Methods: After informed consent, 40 eligible adults were randomly assigned to 6% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips (Crest Whitestrips, The Procter & Gamble Company, USA) or placebo strips without peroxide. Treatment was twice daily for 30min, and response was evaluated biweekly after initial (Week 2) and extended (Weeks 4 and 6) use.

Single site meta-analysis of 6% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip effectiveness and safety over 2 weeks.

Objectives: This research evaluated efficacy and safety of 6% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips from a clinical trials database accumulated over a multi-year period at a single site.

Methods: The inclusive meta-analysis involved seven different randomized clinical trials at one dental school. Each study used 6% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips twice daily for 30min over a 2-week period.

Effect of an oscillating rotating power toothbrush on plaque removal and regrowth.

Purpose: To measure the effectiveness of an oscillating rotating power toothbrush as compared to a manual toothbrush.

Methods: 17 subjects were preliminarily assigned commercial tubes of Crest Cavity Protection (CCP) dentifrice and an Oral-B manual toothbrush (P35) with instructions for bid brushing morning and evening. Subjects remained on CCP dentifrice for 2 weeks during which they were imaged on 6 days (three each week) including daily assessments of morning plaque levels before brushing (AM), morning plaque levels after brushing (PB) and afternoon plaque levels allowing for regrowth (PM).

Short-term effects of a combination product night-time therapeutic regimen on breath malodor.

Aim: To evaluate the malodor reduction benefits of a therapeutic night-time oral hygiene regimen that combined antibacterial toothpaste and mouthrinse with an oscillating-rotating rechargeable power toothbrush.

Methods And Materials: An independent clinical trial was conducted using a randomized, negative-controlled, single blind, two treatment, 4-period crossover design. After completing a 1-week acclimation period, subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence consisting of the following two regimens: (1) a night-time regimen of Crest Pro-Health Night dentifrice, Crest Pro-Health Night rinse, and Oral-B Vitality Precision Clean power toothbrush and (2) a control regimen of Crest Cavity Protection dentifrice and an ADA manual toothbrush.

In-use peroxide kinetics of 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips.

Objective: Clinical research was conducted to establish the peroxide degradation profile of a very thin 10% hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel delivered on a flexible polyethylene strip.

Methods: Sixteen subjects participated in this study of Crest Whitestrips Premium, a thin layer of 10% hydrogen peroxide gel. Application was supervised, and strips were removed after five, 10, 30, and 60 minutes.

In vivo antiplaque efficacy of combined antimicrobial dentifrice and rinse hygiene regimens.

Purpose: To evaluate using digital plaque image analysis the antiplaque efficacy of oral care regimens including use of antimicrobial toothpaste in combination with antimicrobial mouthrinse.

Methods: 16 subjects completed the study protocol including: (1) initial treatment phase, all subjects used a standard sodium fluoride dentifrice with 2x/day brushing, (2) second treatment phase, subjects were randomized to two treatment groups: stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice or sodium fluoride triclosan/copolymer dentifrice; (3) third treatment phase, the group using stannous fluoride dentifrice rinsed with alcohol-free cetylpyridinium chloride mouthrinse and the group using triclosan dentifrice rinsed with essential oil mouthrinse. During each phase, plaque levels were assessed in the morning before toothbrushing (AM), post-brushing in the morning (PB) and in the afternoon (PM).