Assessment of colonoscopy skill using machine learning to measure quality: Proof-of-concept and initial validation.

Low-quality colonoscopy increases cancer risk but measuring quality remains challenging. We developed an automated, interactive assessment of colonoscopy quality (AI-CQ) using machine learning (ML). Based on quality guidelines, metrics selected for AI development included insertion time (IT), withdrawal time (WT), polyp detection rate (PDR), and polyps per colonoscopy (PPC).

Generative Artificial Intelligence for Chest Radiograph Interpretation in the Emergency Department.

Importance: Multimodal generative artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies have the potential to optimize emergency department care by producing draft radiology reports from input images.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and quality of AI-generated chest radiograph interpretations in the emergency department setting.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a retrospective diagnostic study of 500 randomly sampled emergency department encounters at a tertiary care institution including chest radiographs interpreted by both a teleradiology service and on-site attending radiologist from January 2022 to January 2023.

Probing the Local Electronic Structure in Metal Halide Perovskites through Cobalt Substitution.

Owing to the unique chemical and electronic properties arising from 3d-electrons, substitution with transition metal ions is one of the key routes for engineering new functionalities into materials. While this approach has been used extensively in complex metal oxide perovskites, metal halide perovskites have largely resisted facile isovalent substitution. In this work, it is demonstrated that the substitution of Co into the lattice of methylammonium lead triiodide imparts magnetic behavior to the material while maintaining photovoltaic performance at low concentrations.

An artificial intelligence platform provides an accurate interpretation of esophageal motility from Functional Lumen Imaging Probe Panometry studies.

Background: Functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) Panometry is performed at the time of sedated endoscopy and evaluates esophageal motility in response to distension. This study aimed to develop and test an automated artificial intelligence (AI) platform that could interpret FLIP Panometry studies.

Methods: The study cohort included 678 consecutive patients and 35 asymptomatic controls that completed FLIP Panometry during endoscopy and high-resolution manometry (HRM).

Deep learning-based artificial intelligence model for identifying swallow types in esophageal high-resolution manometry.

Background: This study aimed to build and evaluate a deep learning, artificial intelligence (AI) model to automatically classify swallow types based on raw data from esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM).

Methods: HRM studies on patients with no history of esophageal surgery were collected including 1,741 studies with 26,115 swallows labeled by swallow type (normal, hypercontractile, weak-fragmented, failed, and premature) by an expert interpreter per the Chicago Classification. The dataset was stratified and split into train/validation/test datasets for model development.

Amalgamation of cloud-based colonoscopy videos with patient-level metadata to facilitate large-scale machine learning.

Storage of full-length endoscopic procedures is becoming increasingly popular. To facilitate large-scale machine learning (ML) focused on clinical outcomes, these videos must be merged with the patient-level data in the electronic health record (EHR). Our aim was to present a method of accurately linking patient-level EHR data with cloud stored colonoscopy videos.

Charge-Carrier Cooling and Polarization Memory Loss in Formamidinium Tin Triiodide.

Reports of slow charge-carrier cooling in hybrid metal halide perovskites have prompted hopes of achieving higher photovoltaic cell voltages through hot-carrier extraction. However, observations of long-lived hot charge carriers even at low photoexcitation densities and an orders-of-magnitude spread in reported cooling times have been challenging to explain. Here we present ultrafast time-resolved photoluminescence measurements on formamidinum tin triiodide, showing fast initial cooling over tens of picoseconds and demonstrating that a perceived secondary regime of slower cooling instead derives from electronic relaxation, state-filling, and recombination in the presence of energetic disorder.

Microsecond Carrier Lifetimes, Controlled p-Doping, and Enhanced Air Stability in Low-Bandgap Metal Halide Perovskites.

Mixed lead-tin halide perovskites have sufficiently low bandgaps (∼1.2 eV) to be promising absorbers for perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cells. Previous reports on lead-tin perovskites have typically shown poor optoelectronic properties compared to neat lead counterparts: short photoluminescence lifetimes (<100 ns) and low photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (<1%).

Fractional deviations in precursor stoichiometry dictate the properties, performance and stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices.

The last five years have witnessed remarkable progress in the field of lead halide perovskite materials and devices. Examining the existing body of literature reveals staggering inconsistencies in the reported results among different research groups with a particularly wide spread in the photovoltaic performance and stability of devices. In this work we demonstrate that fractional, quite possibly unintentional, deviations in the precursor solution stoichiometry can cause significant changes in the properties of the perovskite layer as well as in the performance and stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices.

The Effects of Doping Density and Temperature on the Optoelectronic Properties of Formamidinium Tin Triiodide Thin Films.

Optoelectronic properties are unraveled for formamidinium tin triiodide (FASnI ) thin films, whose background hole doping density is varied through SnF addition during film fabrication. Monomolecular charge-carrier recombination exhibits both a dopant-mediated part that grows linearly with hole doping density and remnant contributions that remain under tin-enriched processing conditions. At hole densities near 10 cm , a strong Burstein-Moss effect increases absorption onset energies by ≈300 meV beyond the bandgap energy of undoped FASnI (shown to be 1.

A Universal Deposition Protocol for Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells with High Efficiency Based on Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite Families.

A robust and expedient gas quenching method is developed for the solution deposition of hybrid perovskite thin films. The method offers a reliable standard practice for the fabrication of a non-exhaustive variety of perovskites exhibiting excellent film morphology and commensurate high performance in both regular and inverted structured solar cell architectures.

Assembly of viral hydrogels for three-dimensional conducting nanocomposites.

M13 bacteriophages act as versatile scaffolds capable of organizing single-walled carbon nanotubes and fabricating three-dimensional conducting nanocomposites. The morphological, electrical, and electrochemical properties of the nanocomposites are presented, as well as its ability to disperse and utilize single-walled carbon nanotubes effectively.

Assembly of a bacteriophage-based template for the organization of materials into nanoporous networks.

M13 bacteriophages are assembled via a covalent layer-by-layer process to form a highly nanoporous network capable of organizing nanoparticles and acting as a scaffold for templating metal-oxides. The morphological and optical properties of the film itself are presented as well as its ability to organize and disperse metal nanoparticles.

Versatile three-dimensional virus-based template for dye-sensitized solar cells with improved electron transport and light harvesting.

By genetically encoding affinity for inorganic materials into the capsid proteins of the M13 bacteriophage, the virus can act as a template for the synthesis of nanomaterial composites for use in various device applications. Herein, the M13 bacteriophage is employed to build a multifunctional and three-dimensional scaffold capable of improving both electron collection and light harvesting in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This has been accomplished by binding gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to the virus proteins and encapsulating the AuNP-virus complexes in TiO2 to produce a plasmon-enhanced and nanowire (NW)-based photoanode.

Tunable localized surface plasmon-enabled broadband light-harvesting enhancement for high-efficiency panchromatic dye-sensitized solar cells.

In photovoltaic devices, light harvesting (LH) and carrier collection have opposite relations with the thickness of the photoactive layer, which imposes a fundamental compromise for the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Unbalanced LH at different wavelengths further reduces the achievable PCE. Here, we report a novel approach to broadband balanced LH and panchromatic solar energy conversion using multiple-core-shell structured oxide-metal-oxide plasmonic nanoparticles.

Optical manipulation of nanoparticles and biomolecules in sub-wavelength slot waveguides.

The ability to manipulate nanoscopic matter precisely is critical for the development of active nanosystems. Optical tweezers are excellent tools for transporting particles ranging in size from several micrometres to a few hundred nanometres. Manipulation of dielectric objects with much smaller diameters, however, requires stronger optical confinement and higher intensities than can be provided by these diffraction-limited systems.