Systemic HIV and SIV latency reversal via non-canonical NF-κB signalling in vivo.

Long-lasting, latently infected resting CD4 T cells are the greatest obstacle to obtaining a cure for HIV infection, as these cells can persist despite decades of treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Estimates indicate that more than 70 years of continuous, fully suppressive ART are needed to eliminate the HIV reservoir. Alternatively, induction of HIV from its latent state could accelerate the decrease in the reservoir, thus reducing the time to eradication.

The long noncoding RNA CHROME regulates cholesterol homeostasis in primate.

The human genome encodes thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), the majority of which are poorly conserved and uncharacterized. Here we identify a primate-specific lncRNA (), elevated in the plasma and atherosclerotic plaques of individuals with coronary artery disease, that regulates cellular and systemic cholesterol homeostasis. LncRNA expression is influenced by dietary and cellular cholesterol via the sterol-activated liver X receptor transcription factors, which control genes mediating responses to cholesterol overload.

Colonic epithelial miR-31 associates with the development of Crohn's phenotypes.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is highly heterogeneous, due in large part to variability in cellular processes that underlie the natural history of CD, thereby confounding effective therapy. There is a critical need to advance understanding of the cellular mechanisms that drive CD heterogeneity.

Methods: We performed small RNA sequencing of adult colon tissue from CD and NIBD controls.

Predicted effects of observed changes in the mRNA and microRNA transcriptome of lung neutrophils during S. pneumoniae pneumonia in mice.

The complex role of neutrophils in modulating the inflammatory response is increasingly appreciated. Our studies profiled the expression of mRNAs and microRNAs (miRs) in lung neutrophils in mice during S. pneumoniae pneumonia and performed in depth in silico analyses.

Patterns of transcriptional parallelism and variation in the developing olfactory system of Drosophila species.

Organisms have evolved strikingly parallel phenotypes in response to similar selection pressures suggesting that there may be shared constraints limiting the possible evolutionary trajectories. For example, the behavioral adaptation of specialist Drosophila species to specific host plants can exhibit parallel changes in their adult olfactory neuroanatomy. We investigated the genetic basis of these parallel changes by comparing gene expression during the development of the olfactory system of two specialist Drosophila species to that of four other generalist species.

miRquant 2.0: an Expanded Tool for Accurate Annotation and Quantification of MicroRNAs and their isomiRs from Small RNA-Sequencing Data.

Small non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs, are critical for normal physiology and are candidate biomarkers, regulators, and therapeutic targets for a wide variety of diseases. There is an ever-growing interest in the comprehensive and accurate annotation of microRNAs across diverse cell types, conditions, species, and disease states. Highthroughput sequencing technology has emerged as the method of choice for profiling microRNAs.