Angle Accuracy of Intramedullary Bone Resection Guides for Total Knee Arthroplasty.

The importance of proper prosthetic placement has been confirmed in numerous studies. The objective of this study was to compare the planned resection angles to the verified intraoperative angles of femoral and tibial varus/valgus, tibial slope, and femoral flexion for each total knee performed using intramedullary (IM) cut guides for both distal femur and proximal tibia cuts. A total of 1,000 total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) were evaluated for this study.

Size-dependent electronic structure controls activity for ethanol electro-oxidation at Ptn/indium tin oxide (n = 1 to 14).

Understanding the factors that control electrochemical catalysis is essential to improving performance. We report a study of electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation - a process important for direct ethanol fuel cells - over size-selected Pt centers ranging from single atoms to Pt14. Model electrodes were prepared by soft-landing of mass-selected Ptn(+) on indium tin oxide (ITO) supports in ultrahigh vacuum, and transferred to an in situ electrochemical cell without exposure to air.

Oxygen activation and CO oxidation over size-selected Pt(n)/alumina/Re(0001) model catalysts: correlations with valence electronic structure, physical structure, and binding sites.

Oxidation of CO over size-selected Ptn clusters (n = 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18) supported on alumina thin films grown on Re(0001) was studied using temperature-programmed reaction/desorption (TPR/TPD), X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/UPS), and low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS). The activity of the model catalysts was found to vary by a factor of five with deposited Ptn size during the first reaction cycle (TPR) and by a factor of two during subsequent cycles, with Pt2 being the least active and Pt14 the most active. The limiting step in the reaction appears to be the binding of oxygen; however, this does not appear to be an activated process as reaction is equally efficient for 300 K and 180 K oxidation temperatures.

Alumina support and Pdn cluster size effects on activity of Pdn for catalytic oxidation of CO.

A series of model catalysts were prepared by depositing different size Pd(n) clusters on alumina films grown to variable thickness on a Ta(110) support. Samples were characterized by a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low energy He+ scattering, and temperature-programmed reaction and desorption (TPR/ TPD). For the activity studies, the samples were first exposed to 18O2 at Tox, and then to 13CO at 180 K, where CO sticks to Pd, but not to the alumina support.

CO adsorption and desorption on size-selected Pd(n)/TiO2(110) model catalysts: size dependence of binding sites and energies, and support-mediated adsorption.

The nature of CO adsorption on Pd(n)/TiO(2)(110) (n = 1, 2, 7, 20) has been examined using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), temperature-dependent helium ion scattering (TD-ISS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All samples contain the same number of Pd atoms (0.10 ML-equivalent) deposited as different size clusters.

Promoting coherent minimum reporting guidelines for biological and biomedical investigations: the MIBBI project.

The Minimum Information for Biological and Biomedical Investigations (MIBBI) project provides a resource for those exploring the range of extant minimum information checklists and fosters coordinated development of such checklists.

The minimum information about a genome sequence (MIGS) specification.

With the quantity of genomic data increasing at an exponential rate, it is imperative that these data be captured electronically, in a standard format. Standardization activities must proceed within the auspices of open-access and international working bodies. To tackle the issues surrounding the development of better descriptions of genomic investigations, we have formed the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC).

Microbial biogeography: putting microorganisms on the map.

We review the biogeography of microorganisms in light of the biogeography of macroorganisms. A large body of research supports the idea that free-living microbial taxa exhibit biogeographic patterns. Current evidence confirms that, as proposed by the Baas-Becking hypothesis, 'the environment selects' and is, in part, responsible for spatial variation in microbial diversity.