Differences between infected and noninfected synovial fluid.

Aims: The diagnosis of joint infections is an inexact science using combinations of blood inflammatory markers and microscopy, culture, and sensitivity of synovial fluid (SF). There is potential for small molecule metabolites in infected SF to act as infection markers that could improve accuracy and speed of detection. The objective of this study was to use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to identify small molecule differences between infected and noninfected human SF.

The Use of Sonographically Guided Botulinum Toxin Type A (Dysport) Injections Into the Tensor Fasciae Latae for the Treatment of Lateral Patellofemoral Overload Syndrome.

Background: Pain in the anterior and lateral parts of the knee during exercise is a common clinical problem for which current management strategies are often unsuccessful.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of an ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin (BT) injection into the tensor fasciae latae (TFL), followed by physical therapy, in patients classified with lateral patellofemoral overload syndrome (LPOS) who failed to respond to conventional treatment.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Isolated gallbladder perforation following blunt abdominal trauma in a six-year-old child.

Isolated perforation of the gallbladder secondary to blunt trauma is rare. Furthermore, only a few cases exist in the infant age group. It has vague symptoms and interpretation of the radiology imaging is challenging.

Blunt abdominal trauma resulting in gallbladder injury: a review with emphasis on pediatrics.

Background: Gallbladder injury in blunt abdominal trauma is a rare and difficult diagnosis. Gallbladder injury is reported to be between 1.9% and 2.

A comprehensive review of trauma and disruption to the sternoclavicular joint with the proposal of a new classification system.

Background: The sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) is rarely injured but should not be overlooked in cases of high-energy trauma. Stability is reliant on the ligamentous attachments. The methods of injury and the clinical presentations are examined.