Toy story: A cross-sectional survey of toy populations in tertiary neonatal units.

Thousands of babies are given toys for their zeroth birthday … But what happens if that baby is admitted to neonatal intensive care? In a global first, we describe the population of toys found in incubators on neonatal intensive care unit.

Targeting neurotrophic factors for low back pain and sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This meta-analysis aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of medicines that target neurotrophic factors for low back pain (LBP) or sciatica.

Methods: We searched published and trial registry reports of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of medicines that target neurotrophic factors to LBP or sciatica in seven databases from inception to December 2020. Two reviewers independently identified studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias and certainty in the evidence.

Making exercise count: Considerations for the role of exercise in back pain treatment.

Introduction: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is pain that has persisted for greater than three months. It is common and burdensome and represents a significant proportion of primary health presentations. For the majority of people with CLBP, a specific nociceptive contributor cannot be reliably identified, and the pain is categorised as 'non-specific'.

Tracking spatial regimes as an early warning for a species of conservation concern.

In this era of global environmental change and rapid regime shifts, managing core areas that species require to survive and persist is a grand challenge for conservation. Wildlife monitoring data are often limited or local in scale. The emerging ability to map and track spatial regimes (i.

Machine learning real space microstructure characteristics from scattering data.

Using tools from morphological image analysis, we characterise spinodal decomposition microstructures by their Minkowski functionals, and search for a correlation between them and data from scattering experiments. To do this, we employ machine learning in the form of Gaussian process regression on data derived from numerical simulations of spinodal decomposition in polymer blends. For a range of microstructures, we analyse the predictions of the Minkowski functionals achieved by four Gaussian process regression models using the scattering data.

Effectiveness of offering tailored text message, self-help smoking cessation support to pregnant women who want information on stopping smoking: MiQuit3 randomised controlled trial and meta-analysis.

Aims: To test the efficacy of 'MiQuit', a tailored, self-help, text message stop smoking programme for pregnancy, as an adjunct to usual care (UC) for smoking cessation in pregnancy.

Design: Multicentre, open, two-arm, parallel-group, superiority randomised controlled trial (RCT) and a trial sequential analysis (TSA) meta-analysis combining trial findings with two previous ones.

Setting: Twenty-four English hospital antenatal clinics.

Antigen presentation by lung epithelial cells directs CD4 T cell function and regulates barrier immunity.

Barrier tissues are populated by functionally plastic CD4 resident memory T (T) cells. Whether the barrier epithelium regulates CD4 T cell locations, plasticity and activities remains unclear. Here we report that lung epithelial cells, including distinct surfactant protein C (SPC)MHC epithelial cells, function as anatomically-segregated and temporally-dynamic antigen presenting cells.

The effect of exercise intensity on exercise-induced hypoalgesia in cancer survivors: A randomized crossover trial.

Pain is experienced by people with cancer during treatment and in survivorship. Exercise can have an acute hypoalgesic effect (exercise-induced hypoalgesia; EIH) in healthy individuals and some chronic pain states. However, EIH, and the moderating effect of exercise intensity, has not been investigated in cancer survivors.

Percutaneous Transhepatic Embolization of Ectopic Varices in a Patient With Portal Hypertension Presenting With Hemorrhagic Shock.

Varices secondary to portal hypertension in the setting of liver cirrhosis typically occur in the gastroesophageal region. Management guidelines for bleeding gastroesophageal varices are well established in the literature. Ectopic varices that occur outside of this typical location are an uncommon complication of portal hypertension.

Understanding Symmetry Breaking at the Single-Particle Level the Growth of Tetrahedron-Shaped Nanocrystals from Higher-Symmetry Precursors.

The vast majority of single crystalline metal nanoparticles adopt shapes in the point group as a consequence of the symmetry of the underlying face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal lattice. Tetrahedra are a notable exception to this rule, and although they have been observed in several syntheses, their growth mechanism, and the symmetry-reduction process that necessarily characterizes it, is poorly understood. Here, a symmetry breaking mechanism is revealed by liquid flow cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of seeded growth in which tetrahedra nanoparticles are formed from higher symmetry seeds.

The Effect of Resistance Training in Healthy Adults on Body Fat Percentage, Fat Mass and Visceral Fat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Resistance training is the gold standard exercise mode for accrual of lean muscle mass, but the isolated effect of resistance training on body fat is unknown.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated resistance training for body composition outcomes in healthy adults. Our primary outcome was body fat percentage; secondary outcomes were body fat mass and visceral fat.

C-reactive protein accurately predicts severity of acute pancreatitis in children.

Introduction: Predicting severity of acute pancreatitis enables optimization of care, reducing morbidity and length of stay. Modified adult scoring systems have not been able to adequately predict severity in children.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of children presenting with a first episode of acute pancreatitis from 2002 to 2020 in a single tertiary paediatric surgical centre.

A survey evaluation comparing pain curriculum taught in Australian exercise physiology degrees to graduate perceptions of their preparedness and competency to treat people with chronic pain.

Background And Aims: This cross-sectional study evaluated the nature of pain curriculum being taught in accredited exercise physiology degrees across Australian universities and its perceived usefulness for preparing exercise physiologists to treat people with chronic pain.

Materials & Methods: Universities and graduates were asked about the nature and sufficiency of pain curriculum taught, with particular emphasis on competencies for physical therapists as outlined by the International Association for the Study of Pain.

Results: Ten universities and 101 graduates responded.

Liver-Dependent Lung Remodeling during Systemic Inflammation Shapes Responses to Secondary Infection.

Systemic duress, such as that elicited by sepsis, burns, or trauma, predisposes patients to secondary pneumonia, demanding better understanding of host pathways influencing this deleterious connection. These pre-existing circumstances are capable of triggering the hepatic acute-phase response (APR), which we previously demonstrated is essential for limiting susceptibility to secondary lung infections. To identify potential mechanisms underlying protection afforded by the lung-liver axis, our studies aimed to evaluate liver-dependent lung reprogramming when a systemic inflammatory challenge precedes pneumonia.

Intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of liver metastases in a patient with uveal melanoma revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.

Tumor heterogeneity is a major obstacle to the success of cancer treatment. An accurate understanding and recognition of tumor heterogeneity is critical in the clinical management of cancer patients. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to uncover the intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of liver metastases from a patient with metastatic uveal melanoma.

Patient Experiences With Telemedicine in a National Health Service Rheumatology Outpatient Department During Coronavirus Disease-19.

The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic changed rheumatology practice with remote consultations being increasingly utilized where appropriate. We evaluated patient experiences with telephone consultations and report on patient attitudes toward current health care delivery and perspectives of telemedicine in a UK National Health Service rheumatology outpatient department. We analyzed 297 questionnaires from a postal survey conducted during the summer of 2020 after a telephone follow-up consultation.

Immunity and Protection Provided by Live Modified Vaccines Against Paratyphoid in Poultry-An Applied Perspective.

Several serotypes of non-host-specific or paratyphoid have been linked with contamination of poultry meat, and eggs, resulting in foodborne outbreaks in humans. Vaccination of poultry against paratyphoid is a frequent strategy used to reduce the levels of infection and transmission, which ultimately can lead to lower rates of human infections. Live vaccines have been developed and used in poultry immediately after hatching as a result of their ability to colonize the gut, stimulate a mucosal immune response, induce a competitive inhibitory effect against homologous wild strains, and reduce colonization and excretion of .

Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of User-Testing of Health Professionals' Guidelines to Reduce the Frequency of Intravenous Medicines Administration Errors by Nurses in the United Kingdom: A Probabilistic Model Based on Voriconazole Administration.

Aim: In the UK, injectable medicines are often prepared and administered by nurses following the Injectable Medicines Guide (IMG). Our earlier study confirmed a higher frequency of correct administration with user-tested versus standard IMG guidelines. This current study aimed to model the cost-effectiveness of user-testing.

Temporal, Spatial, and Genomic Analyses of Clinical Antimicrobial Resistance in Companion Animals Reveals Phenotypes and Genotypes of One Health Concern.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a globally important one health threat. The impact of resistant infections on companion animals, and the potential public health implications of such infections, has not been widely explored, largely due to an absence of structured population-level data.

Objectives: We aimed to efficiently capture and repurpose antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results data from several veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) across the United Kingdom to facilitate national companion animal clinical AMR surveillance.

The effectiveness and safety of isometric resistance training for adults with high blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

High blood pressure (BP) is a global health challenge. Isometric resistance training (IRT) has demonstrated antihypertensive effects, but safety data are not available, thereby limiting its recommendation for clinical use. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing IRT to controls in adults with elevated BP (systolic ≥130 mmHg/diastolic ≥85 mmHg).

Cerebral venous thrombosis after vaccination against COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre cohort study.

Background: A new syndrome of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) has emerged as a rare side-effect of vaccination against COVID-19. Cerebral venous thrombosis is the most common manifestation of this syndrome but, to our knowledge, has not previously been described in detail. We aimed to document the features of post-vaccination cerebral venous thrombosis with and without VITT and to assess whether VITT is associated with poorer outcomes.

Schizophrenia-associated variation at ZNF804A correlates with altered experience-dependent dynamics of sleep slow waves and spindles in healthy young adults.

The rs1344706 polymorphism in ZNF804A is robustly associated with schizophrenia and schizophrenia is, in turn, associated with abnormal non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep neurophysiology. To examine whether rs1344706 is associated with intermediate neurophysiological traits in the absence of disease, we assessed the relationship between genotype, sleep neurophysiology, and sleep-dependent memory consolidation in healthy participants. We recruited healthy adult males with no history of psychiatric disorder from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort.

Resistance Training and High-intensity Interval Training Improve Cardiometabolic Health in High Risk Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-anaylsis.

Progressive resistance training (PRT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improve cardiometabolic health in older adults. Whether combination PRT+HIIT (COMB) provides similar or additional benefit is less clear. This systematic review with meta-analysis of controlled trials examined effects of PRT, HIIT and COMB compared to non-exercise control in older adults with high cardiometabolic risk.

Microbes increase thermal sensitivity in the mosquito Aedes aegypti, with the potential to change disease distributions.

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of many disease-causing viruses, including dengue (DENV), Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. As consequences of climate change, we expect an increase in both global mean temperatures and extreme climatic events. When temperatures fluctuate, mosquito vectors will be increasingly exposed to temperatures beyond their upper thermal limits.