Acute maternal hyperoxygenation to predict hypoxia and need for emergency intervention in fetuses with transposition of the great arteries: a pilot study.

Background: Newborns with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) are at risk of severe hypoxia from inadequate atrial mixing, closure of the arterial duct and/or pulmonary hypertension (PPHN). Acute maternal hyperoxygenation (AMH) might assist in identifying at-risk fetuses. We report pulmonary vasoreactivity to AMH in TGA fetuses and its relationship to early postnatal hypoxia and requirement for emergency balloon atrial septostomy (e-BAS).

IPEM topical report: guidance on 3D printing in radiotherapy.

There has been an increase in the availability and utilization of commercially available 3D printers in radiotherapy, with applications in phantoms, brachytherapy applicators, bolus, compensators, and immobilization devices. Additive manufacturing in the form of 3D printing has the advantage of rapid production of personalized patient specific prints or customized phantoms within a short timeframe. One of the barriers to uptake has been the lack of guidance.

Physical Function Following Total Knee Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis: A Longitudinal Systematic Review With Meta-analysis.

To explore the extent of functional improvement following primary total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis and to compare the trajectories of self-reported and performance-based measures of physical function. Longitudinal systematic review with meta-analysis We searched 3 electronic databases from January 2005 to February 2023 for longitudinal cohort studies involving adults with knee osteoarthritis undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty. Estimates of self-reported and performance-based physical function were extracted presurgery and up to 5 years postsurgery.

Coupling of response biomarkers between tumor and peripheral blood in patients undergoing chemoimmunotherapy.

Platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibodies has shown promising results in mesothelioma. However, the immunological mechanisms underlying its efficacy are not well understood and there are no predictive biomarkers to guide treatment decisions. Here, we combine time course RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with pre-treatment tumor transcriptome data from the single-arm, phase 2 DREAM trial (N = 54).

Validity and reliability of a method to estimate the potential harm of medication errors by considering both the likelihood and degree of harm.

Objectives: To develop a tool to 'risk score' the potential harm of a medication error by estimating the probability of a range of potential consequences, and assess its feasibility, validity, and reliability.

Methods: The risk score tool described five levels of potential harm developed from an existing risk matrix. Judges estimated the likelihood of harm matching each level, from which a risk score (0-10) was calculated.

Community pharmacist involvement in social prescribing for mental health: a qualitative study.

Aim: We aimed to explore participant perspectives on social prescribing (SP) for mental health and well-being and the acceptability of community pharmacists (CP) as members of SP pathways that support people with mild to moderate depression and anxiety.

Background: SP aims to support people with poor health related to socio-demographic determinants. Positive effects of SP on self-belief, mood, well-being, and health are well documented, including a return to work for long-term unemployed.

Would provision of Take Home Naloxone Kits by Emergency Medical Services be perceived as acceptable to people at risk of opioid overdose? A qualitative study.

Objectives: Take home naloxone kits can reduce mortality, but we know little about how they are perceived by people with lived experience of opioid use. Provision of naloxone in the community has been shown to significantly reduce mortality from opioid overdose. Currently, this is predominantly through drug treatment support services but expanding provision through other services might be effective in increasing kit take-up and mortality reduction.

Covered Stent Correction for Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defects, an Emerging Alternative to Surgical Repair: Results of an International Registry.

Background: Covered stent correction for a sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) was first performed in 2009. This innovative approach was initially viewed as experimental and was reserved for highly selected patients with unusual anatomic variants. In 2016, increasing numbers of procedures began to be performed, and in several centers, it is now offered as a standard of care option alongside surgical repair.

Bringing leaders of network subgroups closer together does not facilitate consensus.

Consensus formation is a complex process, particularly in networked groups. When individuals are incentivized to dig in and refuse to compromise, leaders may be essential to guiding the group to consensus. Specifically, the relative geodesic position of leaders could be important for reaching consensus.

Mayo Clinic Tapestry Study: A Large-Scale Decentralized Whole Exome Sequencing Study for Clinical Practice, Research Discovery, and Genomic Education.

Objective: To execute a large-scale, decentralized, clinical-grade whole exome sequencing study, coined Tapestry, for clinical practice, research discovery, and genomic education.

Patients And Methods: Between July 1, 2020, and May 31, 2024, we invited 1,287,608 adult Mayo Clinic patients to participate in Tapestry. Of those contacted, 114,673 patients were consented and 98,222 (65.

A commissioning protocol for portal imaging-based radiotherapy in vivo dosimetry systems.

Background And Purpose: With the availability of commercial electronic portal imaging detector-based in vivo dosimetry (EPID-based IVD) solutions, many radiotherapy departments are adopting this technology. However, comprehensive commissioning guidance is lacking. This study aims to provide a protocol for testing the accuracy and sensitivity of EPID-based IVD systems.

Quantitative Imaging of Regional Cerebral Protein Synthesis in Clinical Alzheimer's Disease by [C]Leucine PET.

Purpose: Protein synthesis is essential to maintain integrity and function of the human brain, and protein synthesis is associated specifically with the formation of long-term memory. Experimental and clinical observations indicate that this process is disturbed in Alzheimer's dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. In-vivo investigation with positron emission tomography (PET) using [C]leucine provides a unique possibility to measure regional cerebral protein synthesis (rCPS) rates in human brain and to determine whether it is altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus may provide a target for future therapeutic interventions.

Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation With Self-Expanding Valves for Carcinoid Heart Diseases.

Carcinoid heart disease is an important complication of neuroendocrine tumors that may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Right-sided heart valve involvement with consequent valve dysfunction is one of the common manifestations. Patients often have multiple, significant comorbidities with advanced metastatic disease and, as such, may not be suitable for surgical valve replacement due to excessive risk.

Feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of a pilot exercise physiology group service for older people with type 2 diabetes.

Background And Objectives: Type 2 diabetes affects over half a million older Australians. Australian Medicare group exercise and education interventions can support older adults' diabetes management. However, the feasibility and acceptability of accredited exercise physiologist (AEP)-delivered services are yet to be assessed.

Examining PTSD Prevalence Among Underserved Populations in the Integrated Community Mental Health Setting 2019 to 2022.

Background: The prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been rising since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and affects females, sexual and gender minorities, and individuals with social risks at higher rates.

Objective: This study examines if the prevalence of PTSD increased from 2019 to 2022 among patients who received care in a national network of safety-net, community-based health centers with integrated behavioral health programs that serve patients at high risk for PTSD.

Methods: We analyzed electronic health record data from patients with 1 or more behavioral health visits during 2019 to 2022 using repeated cross-sectional data to visualize trends.

Coordinated inheritance of extrachromosomal DNAs in cancer cells.

The chromosomal theory of inheritance dictates that genes on the same chromosome segregate together while genes on different chromosomes assort independently. Extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs) are common in cancer and drive oncogene amplification, dysregulated gene expression and intratumoural heterogeneity through random segregation during cell division. Distinct ecDNA sequences, termed ecDNA species, can co-exist to facilitate intermolecular cooperation in cancer cells.

Virtual Reality for Preprocedure Planning of Covered Stent Correction of Superior Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defects.

Background: Covered stent correction (CSC) of a superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect is an alternative to surgery in selected patients, but anatomic variation means that assessment for CSC requires a 3-dimensional anatomic understanding. Heart VR is a virtual reality (VR) system that rapidly displays and renders multimodality imaging without prior image segmentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Heart VR system to assess patient suitability for CSC.

Spatiotemporal lineage tracing reveals the dynamic spatial architecture of tumor growth and metastasis.

Tumor progression is driven by dynamic interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment. Investigating the spatiotemporal evolution of tumors can provide crucial insights into how intrinsic changes within cancer cells and extrinsic alterations in the microenvironment cooperate to drive different stages of tumor progression. Here, we integrate high-resolution spatial transcriptomics and evolving lineage tracing technologies to elucidate how tumor expansion, plasticity, and metastasis co-evolve with microenvironmental remodeling in a -driven mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma.

Take-home naloxone in multicentre emergency settings: the TIME feasibility cluster RCT.

Background: Opioids kill more people than any other drug. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist which can be distributed in take-home 'kits' for peer administration (take-home naloxone).

Aim: To determine the feasibility of carrying out a definitive randomised controlled trial of take-home naloxone in emergency settings.

Integration of rate and phase codes by hippocampal cell-assemblies supports flexible encoding of spatiotemporal context.

Spatial information is encoded by location-dependent hippocampal place cell firing rates and sub-second, rhythmic entrainment of spike times. These rate and temporal codes have primarily been characterized in low-dimensional environments under limited cognitive demands; but how is coding configured in complex environments when individual place cells signal several locations, individual locations contribute to multiple routes and functional demands vary? Quantifying CA1 population dynamics of male rats during a decision-making task, here we show that the phase of individual place cells' spikes relative to the local theta rhythm shifts to differentiate activity in different place fields. Theta phase coding also disambiguates repeated visits to the same location during different routes, particularly preceding spatial decisions.