The effect of endothelin a receptor inhibition and biological sex on cutaneous microvascular function in non-Hispanic Black and White young adults.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether endothelin-A receptor (ETR) inhibition in non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and White (NHW) young adults depends on biological sex. We recruited females during low hormone (n = 22) and high hormone (n = 22) phases, and males (n = 22). Participants self-identified as NHB (n = 33) or NHW (n = 33).

Inhibition of superoxide and iNOS augment cutaneous nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation in non-Hispanic black young adults.

We assessed the combined effect of superoxide and iNOS inhibition on microvascular function in non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White participants (n = 15 per group). Participants were instrumented with four microdialysis fibers: (1) lactated Ringer's (control), (2) 10 μM tempol (superoxide inhibition), (3) 0.1 mM 1400 W (iNOS inhibition), (4) tempol + 1400 W.

Visibility of inflicted bruises by alternate light: Results of a randomized controlled trial.

Difficulty visualizing bruises resulting from interpersonal violence, especially in individuals with dark skin, contributes to disparities in access to justice. The purpose of this analysis was to compare bruise visibility of detected injuries using white light versus alternate light sources (ALS). Visibility was assessed using the 5-point Bruise Visibility Scale (BVS) for white light and the ALS Visibility Scale (AVS) for ALS.

Enhancing caregivers self-management for their children who require medical technology: A feasibility study for the COPE-STAR intervention.

Purpose: To test feasibility of the Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment: Symptom and Technology Management Resources intervention for caregivers of children who require medical technologies of tracheostomies and feeding tubes.

Design And Methods: Quasi-experimental one group design with measures at baseline and at 4 weeks. Intervention feasibility was tested from August 2019-June 2021, including recruitment, retention, and adherence, and caregiver satisfaction.

Simultaneous Recording of Objective Sleep in Mothers and School-aged Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Pilot Study of Actigraphy and Videosomnography.

Mothers of school-aged children ages 3 to 17 years with developmental disabilities (DDs) commonly report sleep problems in their children associated with impaired maternal sleep. However, existing research relies heavily on mothers' self-reported sleep. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of objectively measuring child and mother sleep-wake patterns using actigraphy and videosomnography.

Remote Delivery of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the Upper Extremity: A Pilot Study to Assess Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity.

Objective: To develop a remote protocol for the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (reFMA) and assess the reliability and validity with in-person delivery.

Design: Feasibility testing.

Setting: Remote/virtual and in-person in participants' homes.

Zika virus RNA persistence and recovery in water and wastewater: An approach for Zika virus surveillance in resource-constrained settings.

During the 2015-2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas, serological cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses and relatively high costs of nucleic acid testing in the region hindered the capacity for widespread diagnostic testing. In such cases where individual testing is not feasible, wastewater monitoring approaches may offer a means of community-level public health surveillance. To inform such approaches, we characterized the persistence and recovery of ZIKV RNA in experiments where we spiked cultured ZIKV into surface water, wastewater, and a combination of both to examine the potential for detection in open sewers serving communities most affected by the ZIKV outbreak, such as those in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

Endothelin A receptor inhibition increases nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation independent of superoxide in non-Hispanic Black young adults.

Young non-Hispanic Black adults have reduced microvascular endothelial function compared with non-Hispanic White counterparts, but the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endothelin-1 A receptor (ETR) and superoxide on cutaneous microvascular function in young non-Hispanic Black ( = 10) and White ( = 10) adults. Participants were instrumented with four intradermal microdialysis fibers: ) lactated Ringer's (control), ) 500 nM BQ-123 (ETR antagonist), ) 10 μM tempol (superoxide dismutase mimetic), and ) BQ-123 + tempol.

Improving the Forensic Documentation of Injuries Through Alternate Light: A Researcher-Practitioner Partnership.

An alternate light source (ALS) is a practitioner-driven technology that can potentially improve the documentation of injuries among victims of interpersonal violence. However, evidence-based guidelines are needed to incorporate and document an ALS skin assessment into a forensic medical examination that accurately reflects the science, context of forensic nursing practice, trauma-informed responses, and potential impact on criminal justice stakeholders. This article introduces the forensic nursing community to a current translation-into-practice project focused on developing and evaluating an ALS implementation program to improve the assessment and documentation of bruises among adult patients with a history of interpersonal violence.

Stroke Counseling Intervention for Young Adult African Americans: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: African Americans have a higher incidence of early-onset stroke and poorer stroke-related outcomes than other race/ethnic groups.

Objectives: Our two-arm, randomized controlled trial was implemented to assess efficacy of the nurse-led Stroke Counseling for Risk Reduction (SCORRE) intervention in reducing stroke risk in young African American adults by improving accuracy of perceived stroke risk and lifestyle behaviors (i.e.

Student tobacco use, secondhand smoke exposure, and policy beliefs before and after implementation of a tobacco-free campus policy: Analysis of five U.S. college and university campuses.

The adoption of comprehensive tobacco policies by colleges and universities may help reduce student tobacco use. To this end, The American Cancer Society's Tobacco-Free Generation Campus Initiative (TFGCI) awarded grants to 106 higher learning institutions to adopt 100% tobacco-free campus policies. This study measured changes in student tobacco use, reported exposure to secondhand smoke, and support for types of tobacco policies among five TFGCI grantee institutions who implemented 100% tobacco-free policies.

Predicting alternate light absorption in areas of trauma based on degree of skin pigmentation: Not all wavelengths are equal.

Detection and documentation of bruises on survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) can provide valuable evidence to support investigation and subsequent prosecution of these crimes. Detection of bruises in persons with darker skin tones is often difficult, contributing to disparities in health and criminal justice responses to IPV. The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to determine whether use of an alternate light source (ALS) increased the predictive probability of successfully detecting bruises on diverse skin tones following a history of physical trauma.

Mindfulness-Based Smoking Cessation Delivered Through Telehealth and Text Messaging for Low-Income Smokers: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Adults with low income and members of certain racial and ethnic minority groups are less likely to quit, and therefore, they experience profound tobacco-related health disparities. Mindfulness training can increase the rates of smoking cessation and lapse recovery, and telehealth and SMS text messaging have the potential to provide more accessible treatment.

Medicaid Expansion and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Readmission After Acute Ischemic Stroke.

To examine whether rates of 30-day readmission after acute ischemic stroke changed differentially between Medicaid expansion and non-expansion states, and whether race/ethnicity moderated this change, we conducted a difference-in-differences analysis using 6 state inpatient databases (AR, FL, GA, MD, NM, and WA) from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Analysis included all patients aged 19-64 hospitalized in 2012-2015 with a principal diagnosis of ischemic stroke and a primary payer of Medicaid, self-pay, or no charge, who resided in the state where admitted and were discharged alive (N=28 330). No association was detected between Medicaid expansion and readmission overall, but there was evidence of moderation by race/ethnicity.

A Pilot Study to Adapt a Trauma-Informed, Mindfulness-Based Yoga Intervention for Justice-Involved Youth.

The purpose of the present study was to adapt and pilot a trauma-informed, mindfulness-based yoga (TIMBY) intervention focused on enhancing self-regulation among youth in the Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice system. In this article we (1) describe the process by which we systematically adapted an evidence-based protocol specifically for this population, (2) describe the nature of and rationale for those adaptations, (3) present some preliminary qualitative findings based on interviews with youth participants, and (4) briefly summarize how the adapted protocol will be evaluated in the subsequent feasibility trial. The iterative drafting and revision process involved modifications to a well-established, protocolized Trauma-Informed Yoga program and was identified by the project advisory board and t h rough formal interviews with intervention staff.

Synergy between low BMI and hyperglycemia at baseline increases tuberculosis incidence among people living with HIV.

Objectives: Low BMI and hyperglycemia are each important risk factors for tuberculosis (TB). However, the contribution of synergy between low BMI and hyperglycemia to risk of TB among people living with HIV (PWH) is unexplored. We compared TB incidence among PWH with different exposure profiles to low BMI (BMI < 18.

A comparative cross-sectional assessment of statistical knowledge of faculty across five health science disciplines.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare statistical knowledge of health science faculty across accredited schools of dentistry, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and public health.

Methods: A probability sample of schools was selected, and all faculty at each selected school were invited to participate in an online statistical knowledge assessment that covered fundamental topics including randomization, study design, statistical power, confidence intervals, multiple testing, standard error, regression outcome, and odds ratio.

Results: A total of 708 faculty from 102 schools participated.

Mobile Delivery of Mindfulness-Based Smoking Cessation Treatment Among Low-Income Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Smoking is the leading cause of premature death, and low-income adults experience disproportionate burden from tobacco. Mindfulness interventions show promise for improving smoking cessation. A text messaging program "iQuit Mindfully" was developed to deliver just-in-time support for quitting smoking among low-income adults.

Characterizing the Experience of Spasticity after Spinal Cord Injury: A National Survey Project of the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Centers.

Objective: To characterize the qualities that individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) associate with their experience of spasticity and to describe the relationship between spasticity and perceived quality of life and the perceived value of spasticity management approaches.

Design: Online cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Multicenter collaboration among 6 Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems hospitals in the United States.

A study of statistics knowledge among nurse faculty in schools with research doctorate programs.

Statistics knowledge is essential for nursing faculty in both teaching and research roles. In the teaching role when discussing nursing research, nursing faculty are confronted with statistical concepts and statistical methods applications. Knowledge of fundamental statistical concepts is needed so that nursing faculty can understand and critically evaluate the literature.