Scapholunate Ligament Injury and the Effect of Scaphoid Lengthening.

 We hypothesized that lengthening the scaphoid in a model of scapholunate ligament injury (SLI) will result in correction of radiographic markers of dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI) deformity.  An SLI with DISI deformity was created by sectioning the SL ligament, the palmar radiocarpal ligaments, and scapho-trapezio-trapezoid ligaments of a cadaveric upper extremity (  = 5). The wrist was radiographed in both anteroposterior and lateral planes to confirm creation of SLI and DISI.

Clavicular Refracture at the Site of Angular Malunion in Young Athletes.

Objective: The treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures has, in the last 2 decades, shifted markedly towards operative management. Prospective trials have defined accepted clinical and radiographic indications for the surgical management of clavicle fractures. This report documents 3 cases of clinically united angular malunion of the midshaft clavicle in young athletes that subsequently refractured to highlight angular deformity in the absence of displacement as a potential indication for surgical fixation.

A retrospective cohort study of displaced segmental radial head fractures: is 2 mm of articular displacement an indication for surgery?

Hypothesis: Many investigators agree that 2 mm of articular displacement is a reasonable indication for open reduction and internal fixation of Mason type II fractures of the radial head. However, there is no evidence to support that this degree of articular displacement is predictive of poor outcomes in conservatively treated fractures. We hypothesized there would be no difference between conservatively treated radial head fractures with greater 2 mm of displacement and those with less than 2 mm of displacement in terms of patient-reported or clinical outcomes.

Segond fractures: not necessarily pathognemonic of anterior cruciate ligament injury in the pediatric population.

Initially described following cadaveric studies in the late 19th century by Dr. Paul Segond, the Segond fracture is now widely accepted as a pathognemonic radiographic marker of anterior cruciate ligament injury. This fracture in a skeletally immature 16-year-old was not seen with an anterior cruciate ligament injury, but with a Salter-Harris type IV fracture of the tibial plateau.

Prolonged target deprivation reduces the capacity of injured motoneurons to regenerate.

Objective: To investigate whether or not it is the frustrated growth state (no axon growth) that reduces regenerative capacity or the inability of axotomized motoneurons to remake muscle connections (axon growth-no muscle contact) that accounts for poor regenerative capacity of chronically axotomized motoneurons.

Methods: We chronically axotomized rat femoral motoneurons for 2 months by cutting the nerve and either capping the proximal nerve to prevent axon regeneration (Group 1, no axon growth for 2 mo) or encouraging axon regeneration but not target reinnervation by suture to the distal stump of cut saphenous nerve (Group 2, axon growth with no muscle contact). In the control fresh axotomy group (axon growth with muscle contact), femoral nerve stumps were resutured immediately.