Ultra-processed food intake is associated with low diet quality in young adult college students.

Examine associations between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and diet quality (DQ) in college students. Analysis included 695 participants ages 18-39 years. : Dietary data were collected using the online Diet History Questionnaires II and III.

The relationship between fat distribution and diabetes in US adults by race/ethnicity.

Introduction: This study examined the relationship between fat distribution and diabetes by sex-specific racial/ethnic groups.

Methods: A secondary data analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018 data ( = 11,972) was completed. Key variables examined were visceral adipose tissue area (VATA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), diabetes prevalence, and race/ethnicity.

A cross-sectional study of the relationship between physical activity, diet quality, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in US adults.

Background And Aims: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is associated with many diseases, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD). Research into the independent and integrated relationships of physical activity and diet quality with hs-CRP across sex-specific cohorts is lacking.

Methods And Results: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2015-2018) was used to examine the relationship between physical activity and diet quality with hs-CRP and hs-CRP classified CVD risk using multiple multinormal logistic regression adjusted for covariates including demographics.

The Sex and Race/Ethnicity-Specific Relationships of Abdominal Fat Distribution and Anthropometric Indices in US Adults.

The purpose of this study was to examine demographic-specific relationships between direct abdominal fat measures and anthropometric indices. A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing abdominal fat measures (visceral fat area, VFA; visceral to subcutaneous adipose area ratio, VSR) and anthropometrics (body mass index, BMI; waist circumference, WC) data from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Linear or polynomial linear regression models were used to examine the relationships of abdominal fat measures to anthropometrics with adjustment for demographics.

The Demographic Specific Abdominal Fat Composition and Distribution Trends in US Adults from 2011 to 2018.

Despite the rising awareness of abdominal adiposity associated health problems and demographic health disparities, research is lacking about abdominal fat trends using a national representative sample of US adults. Our purpose was to examine national demographic specific abdominal fat composition and distribution trends from 2011 to 2018. This trend analysis was using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data ( = 13,163).

Relationships of Physical Activity and Diet Quality with Body Composition and Fat Distribution in US Adults.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among physical activity (PA), diet quality, body composition, and fat distribution in a representative sample of US adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using publicly accessible data from the 2011 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Food Patterns Equivalents Database (n = 7,423). Variables from the data sets were analyzed for this study, including PA, two 24-hour dietary recalls, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry outputs.

The Relationships between Total Protein Intake, Protein Sources, Physical Activity, and Lean Mass in a Representative Sample of the US Adults.

Background: Although dietary protein and physical activity play essential roles in developing and preserving lean mass, studies exploring these relationships are inconsistent, and large-scale studies on sources of protein and lean mass are lacking. Accordingly, the present study examined the relationship between total protein intake, protein sources, physical activity, and lean mass in a representative sample of US adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 2011-2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and corresponding Food Patterns Equivalents Database ( = 7547).

Temporal Association between Abdominal Weight Status and Healthy Aging: Findings from the 2011-2018 National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Background/objectives: The longitudinal effect of abdominal weight status (AWS) defined by waist circumference (WC) on healthy aging has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the temporal association between WC-defined AWS and a comprehensive assessment for healthy aging.

Subjects/methods: This study utilized data from 5211 respondents aged 65+ who participated in the National Health and Aging Trends Study from 2011 to 2018.

Longitudinal Sex-Specific Physical Function Trends by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Weight Status.

Background: There is a need to assess longitudinal trends in physical function and to understand the prevalence of physical function status in the older population using objectively measured physical function. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal sex-specific physical function trends and prevalence of physical function status by age, race/ethnicity, and weight status in older adults, aged 65 years and older.

Methods: The present study used longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Estimation of Skeletal Muscle Mass Relative to Adiposity Improves Prediction of Physical Performance and Incident Disability.

Purpose: We assessed the discrimination of lean mass estimates that have been adjusted for adiposity for physical functioning deficits and prediction of incident disability.

Methods: Included were 2,846 participants from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study with available whole-body dual energy absorptiometry measures of appendicular lean mass index (ALMI, kg/m2) and fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2). Age-, sex-, and race-specific Z-Scores and T-Scores were determined by comparison to published reference ranges.

The Current Understanding of Sarcopenia: Emerging Tools and Interventional Possibilities.

The purpose of this review is to provide health practitioners and physicians the most current state of the research on sarcopenia, its consequences, and to offer a summary of consensus guidelines for identification based on the most recent and compelling investigations and analyses. To accomplish this, the causes and consequences of sarcopenia will be described, and definitions and screening methods are updated. Importantly, interventional recommendations for sarcopenia will be discussed with a special emphasis on the effects of resistance training on sarcopenia-related outcomes.

Cognitive status and cardio-metabolic risk of patients with acquired brain injury and Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) and acquired brain injury (ABI) share common symptoms. People with PD and ABI risk nutritional decline at diagnosis, but little is known about their long-term health a year or more after diagnosis.

Objective: This cross-sectional study describes cognitive and dietary characteristics of people living with PD or ABI 12 months or more post diagnosis to identify cardio-metabolic risk factors.

Impact of a program of Tai Chi plus behaviorally based dietary weight loss on physical functioning and coronary heart disease risk factors: a community-based study in obese older women.

This study employed a quasi-experimental design in a community-based study translating the results of our recent findings on the combined effects of Tai Chi and weight loss on physical function and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. A 16-week intervention was conducted to assess the impact of Tai Chi plus a behavioral weight loss program (TCWL, n = 29) on obese (body mass index [BMI] = 35.4 ± 0.

Body composition explains sex differential in physical performance among older adults.

Background: Older women have higher percent body fat, poorer physical function, lower strength, and higher rates of nonfatal chronic conditions than men. We sought to determine whether these differences explained physical performance differences between men and women.

Methods: Physical performance was assessed in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study in 2,863 men and women aged 70-79 with a composite 0-4 point score consisting of chair stands, standing balance including one-leg stand, and 6-m usual and narrow walk tests.

Effects of the addition of t'ai chi to a dietary weight loss program on lipoprotein atherogenicity in obese older women.

Objective: To examine the additive effect of t'ai chi (TC) to diet education on the traditional coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and on emerging CHD risk factors (apolipoprotein B and LDL particle size) in older obese women.

Design: Ancillary study of a randomized clinical trial.

Setting: University of Rhode Island.

The effect of the addition of resistance training to a dietary education intervention on apolipoproteins and diet quality in overweight and obese older adults.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the additive effect of resistance training (RT) to a dietary education (DE) intervention on emerging coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, concentration of apolipoproteins B (apoB) and A-I (apoA-I), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Index scores in overweight and obese older adults.

Patients And Methods: This was an ancillary study of a randomized clinical trial held in the Fall of 2008 at the University of Rhode Island. Participants were overweight or obese subjects (mean body mass index [BMI] of 31.

Effects of resistance training and dietary changes on physical function and body composition in overweight and obese older adults.

Background: Community-based interventions that incorporate resistance training (RT) and dietary changes have not been extensively studied in overweight and obese older adults. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a community-based RT and dietary intervention on physical function and body composition in overweight and obese older adults.

Methods: Ninety-five overweight and obese (BMI=33.

Does insulin-like growth factor 1 genotype influence muscle power response to strength training in older men and women?

The CA-repeat polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene promoter region has been associated with strength and circulating IGF-I protein levels. The purpose of the study was to determine if the IGF1 CA-repeat polymorphism influences muscle power at baseline and in response to ST in older adults. Knee extensor peak power (PP) was measured at 50, 60, and 70% of 1-RM strength before and after 10 weeks of unilateral knee extensor ST in older adults, aged 50-85 years, to determine the changes in absolute and relative PP with ST.

Clustering of strength, physical function, muscle, and adiposity characteristics and risk of disability in older adults.

Objectives: To empirically identify groupings of strength, physical performance, adiposity, and lean mass and test how such groupings of these interrelated measures may relate to disability risk.

Design: Prospective Health, Aging and Body Composition Study.

Setting: Two U.

Age-related changes in adult muscle morphology.

Skeletal muscle undergoes numerous morphological changes from early adulthood to old age including muscle size, configuration, and structure. This review discusses these changes, considers the limitations in interpreting studies, addresses the potential health implications, and describes some mechanisms and interventions to ameliorate aging-related changes in skeletal muscle. Discussion in each section focuses on measurement and analysis techniques of muscle morphology, limitations of human research, and the discussion uses animal work to support findings in humans.

AKT1 polymorphisms are associated with risk for metabolic syndrome.

Converging lines of evidence suggest that AKT1 is a major mediator of the responses to insulin,insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and glucose. AKT1 also plays a key role in the regulation of both muscle cell hypertrophy and atrophy. We hypothesized that AKT1 variants may play a role in the endophenotypes that makeup metabolic syndrome.

A polymorphism near IGF1 is associated with body composition and muscle function in women from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study.

Previous studies have reported associations of polymorphisms in the IGF1 gene with phenotypes of body composition (BC). The purpose of this study was to identify phenotypes of BC and physical function that were associated with the IGF1 promoter polymorphism (rs35767, -C1245T). Subjects from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, white males and females (n = 925/836) and black males and females (533/705) aged 70-79 years were genotyped for the polymorphism.

Effect of moderate intensity resistance training during weight loss on body composition and physical performance in overweight older adults.

The impact of resistance training has not been thoroughly examined in overweight older adults undergoing weight loss. Subjects (n = 27) were overweight and obese (BMI 31.7 +/- 3.

Effects of strength training on physical function: influence of power, strength, and body composition.

The purpose of this study was to determine (a) the effects of strength training (ST) on physical function and (b) the influence of strength, power, muscle volume (MV), and body composition on physical function. Healthy, inactive adults (n = 50) aged 65 years and older underwent strength, power, total body composition (% fat and fat free mass [FFM]), and physical function testing before and after 22 weeks of ST. Physical function testing consisted of tasks designed to mimic common physical activities of daily living (ADL).

Longitudinal study of muscle strength, quality, and adipose tissue infiltration.

Background: Sarcopenia is thought to be accompanied by increased muscle fat infiltration. However, no longitudinal studies have examined concomitant changes in muscle mass, strength, or fat infiltration in older adults.

Objective: We present longitudinal data on age-related changes in leg composition, strength, and muscle quality (MQ) in ambulatory, well-functioning men and women.