Progesterone effects on lymphocytes may be mediated by membrane progesterone receptors.

Luteal cell-induced proliferation of T lymphocytes devoid of the nuclear progesterone receptor (PGR) is inhibited by progesterone. Functional effects of progesterone on bovine lymphocytes and the expression of membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) alpha (PAQR7), beta (PAQR8), gamma (PAQR5), and progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) mRNA were analyzed in corpus luteum (CL) and lymphocytes. Progesterone and a cell-impermeable progesterone conjugate caused a dose-dependent decrease in IL2 receptor α-subunit (IL2RA) mRNA and an increase in interleukin 2 (IL2) mRNA concentrations in cultured PBMCs.

Conjugated linoleic acid decreases prostaglandin synthesis in bovine luteal cells in vitro.

Feeding conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) improves reproductive performance in dairy cows; however, the molecular mechanisms by which CLA improves reproduction are not understood. The effect of the CLA isomers, trans-10, cis-12 CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA on synthesis of progesterone, PGE(2) , and PGF(2α) , in bovine luteal cells was determined in this study. Luteal cells from three cows were cultured in medium containing 0 or 0.

The class II major histocompatibility complex molecule BoLA-DR is expressed by endothelial cells of the bovine corpus luteum.

Cells expressing class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are found within the corpus luteum (CL) of several species. Expression and localization of class II MHC molecules in the bovine CL were examined in the present study. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed class II MHC molecules on single cells in early CL (days 4 and 5 post-estrus).

Expression of costimulatory molecules in the bovine corpus luteum.

Background: Bovine luteal parenchymal cells express class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and stimulate class II MHC-dependent activation of T cells in vitro. The ability of a class II MHC-expressing cell type to elicit a response from T cells in vivo is also dependent on expression of costimulatory molecules by the antigen presenting cell and delivery of a costimulatory signal to the T cell. Whether bovine luteal parenchymal cells express costimulatory molecules and can deliver the costimulatory signal is currently unknown.

Presence and regulation of messenger ribonucleic acids encoding components of the class II major histocompatibility complex-associated antigen processing pathway in the bovine corpus luteum.

Luteal cells express class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and can stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. However, it is unknown whether luteal cells express the intracellular components necessary to process the peptides presented by class II MHC molecules. The objective of the present study was to examine the expression and regulation of three major class II-associated antigen processing components--class II MHC-associated invariant chain (Ii), DMalpha and DMbeta--in luteal tissue.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase participates in the interferon-gamma-induced cell death process in cultured bovine luteal cells.

Interferon-gamma (IFNG) induces apoptotic cell death in bovine luteal cells, but the pathway(s) involved in this process are not well defined. Evidence supporting the involvement of an IFNG-inducible enzymatic pathway that degrades tryptophan in IFNG-induced death of bovine luteal cells is presented in this study. The IFNG-inducible enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (INDO) catalyzes the first step in a metabolic pathway that degrades tryptophan.

Effects of prostaglandin F2alpha and progesterone on the ability of bovine luteal cells to stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation.

Bovine luteal cells express class I and II major histocompatibility complex molecules and stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Proliferation of T lymphocytes is greater in cocultures of luteal cells and T lymphocytes collected following administration of a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha to the cow. Whether this results from changes in luteal cells that increase their ability to stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation or from changes in T lymphocytes that enhance their ability to respond to luteal cells is unclear.

Expression and regulation of interferon gamma-inducible proteasomal subunits LMP7 and LMP10 in the bovine corpus luteum.

The proteasome is a large, polymeric protease complex responsible for intracellular protein degradation and generation of peptides that bind to class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Interferon gamma (INFgamma) induces expression of alternative proteasomal subunits that affect intracellular protein degradation, thereby changing the types of peptides that bind to class I MHC molecules. These alterations in class I MHC peptides can influence whether cells and tissues are tolerated by the immune system.