Parasitization of the pedicle: a rare form of TRAM flap recurrence.

Local recurrence after mastectomy and autologous breast reconstruction is uncommon and tends to occur predictably within the superficial tissues or at the chest wall. We present a unique case of breast cancer recurrence involving the superficial and deep tissues. By parasitizing the pedicle of a free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap pedicle, the tumour was seen to extend through the chest wall to the right pleura.

Apnoeic oxygenation during intubation in the intensive care unit: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hypoxaemia increases the risk of cardiac arrest and mortality during intubation. The reduced physiological reserve and reduced efficacy of pre-oxygenation in intensive care patients makes their intubation particularly dangerous. Apnoeic oxygenation is a promising means of preventing hypoxaemia in this setting.

Apneic oxygenation during intubation in the emergency department and during retrieval: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Hypoxemia increases the risk of intubation markedly. Such concerns are multiplied in the emergency department (ED) and during retrieval where patients may be unstable, preparation or preoxygenation time limited and the environment uncontrolled. Apneic oxygenation is a promising means of preventing hypoxemia in this setting.