Simple autonomous agents can enhance creative semantic discovery by human groups.

Innovation is challenging, and theory and experiments indicate that groups may be better able to identify and preserve innovations than individuals. But innovation within groups faces its own challenges, including groupthink and truncated diffusion. We performed experiments involving a game in which people search for ideas in various conditions: alone, in networked social groups, or in networked groups featuring autonomous agents (bots).

Containing misinformation: Modeling spatial games of fake news.

The spread of fake news on social media is a pressing issue. Here, we develop a mathematical model on social networks in which news sharing is modeled as a coordination game. We use this model to study the effect of adding designated individuals who sanction fake news sharers (representing, for example, correction of false claims or public shaming of those who share such claims).

Outcomes of transcatheter pulmonary SAPIEN 3 valve implantation: an international registry.

Background And Aims: Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI) is indicated to treat right-ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) dysfunction related to congenital heart disease (CHD). Outcomes of TPVI with the SAPIEN 3 valve that are insufficiently documented were investigated in the EUROPULMS3 registry of SAPIEN 3-TPVI.

Methods: Patient-related, procedural, and follow-up outcome data were retrospectively assessed in this observational cohort from 35 centres in 15 countries.

Transcatheter versus surgical treatment for isolated superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect.

Background: The superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect is a congenital communication between the left and right atria. Open surgical approach by patch closure has historically been the only treatment option. Recently, a transcatheter approach has been developed.

Provocation and localization of atrial ectopy in patients with atrial septal defects.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with atrial septal defects (ASDs), but the mechanism of arrhythmia in these patients is poorly understood. We hypothesised that right-sided atrial ectopy may predominate in this cohort. Here, we aimed to localise the origin of spontaneous and provoked atrial ectopy in ASD patients.

The dual problems of coordination and anti-coordination on random bipartite graphs.

In some scenarios ("anti-coordination games"), individuals are better off choosing different actions than their neighbors while in other scenarios ("coordination games"), it is beneficial for individuals to choose the same strategy as their neighbors. Despite having different incentives and resulting population dynamics, it is largely unknown which collective outcome, anti-coordination or coordination, is easier to achieve. To address this issue, we focus on the distributed graph coloring problem on bipartite graphs.

Random choices facilitate solutions to collective network coloring problems by artificial agents.

Global coordination is required to solve a wide variety of challenging collective action problems from network colorings to the tragedy of the commons. Recent empirical study shows that the presence of a few noisy autonomous agents can greatly improve collective performance of humans in solving networked color coordination games. To provide analytical insights into the role of behavioral randomness, here we study myopic artificial agents attempting to solve similar network coloring problems using decision update rules that are only based on local information but allow random choices at various stages of their heuristic reasonings.

Transcatheter creation of a pulmonary artery to left atrial fenestration in a failing Fontan circulation using the Atrial Flow Regulator (AFR).

Transcatheter creation of an interatrial communication using the Occlutech Atrial Flow Regulator Device for pulmonary hypertension or heart failure is well described. We report a case of an 8-year-old boy with a failing Fontan circulation, in whom the Atrial Flow Regulator was used to successfully create a fenestration between the pulmonary artery and left atrium, improving his clinical condition.

Melody Valve Fracture Causing Mitral Stenosis: Novel Solution for Transapical Valve-in-Valve.

The use of Melody valves in the mitral position has been introduced in clinical practice. Stent fracture is a recognized complication of Melody valve implantation in the pulmonary position; however, reports in the mitral position are rare. We present the case of an 8-year-old boy in whom complete fracture of the proximal stent struts occurred, causing acute severe mitral stenosis, and in whom urgent hybrid transapical Melody valve implantation in the fractured Melody valve was performed successfully using a novel modified technique.

Initial experience with a novel ePTFE-covered balloon expandable stent in patients with near-atretic or severe aortic coarctation and small femoral arterial access.

Objectives: We report our experience of using the Bentley BeGraft Aortic stent in patients with severe or near-atretic aortic coarctation and small femoral arterial access.

Background: Use of covered stent is recommended in some settings such as aortic coarctation with associated aneurysm, Turner syndrome, and coarctation with aortic atresia. However, currently available covered stents need larger sheaths that may limit their use in children and patients with smaller arterial access.

Recent advances in transcatheter management of pulmonary regurgitation after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot.

Surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) in childhood is associated with generally good outcomes, and almost all children can be expected to survive until adulthood. However, significant pulmonary regurgitation leading to progressive right ventricular dilatation is common in teenagers or young adults because of the nature of the surgical intervention. In patients whose repair included placement of a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit, it has been possible to place a stented valve within the conduit to treat this.

Congenitally corrected transposition: complex anatomic repair or Fontan pathway?

Background Successful anatomic repair of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries achieves excellent outcomes. Several centers report excellent long-term survival with the Fontan pathway as well. We have selectively applied both approaches depending on individual patient morphology, with anatomic repair preferred but utilizing the Fontan pathway when high technical complexity or operative risk is anticipated.

Infective endocarditis with co-existent acalculous cholecystitis: a rare but important association.

The authors present the case of an otherwise healthy retired male who presented with a history of fevers, rigors and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Although haematological, biochemical and radiological investigations supported a diagnosis of acalculous cholecystitis, the underlying cause was not obviously apparent and the patient's clinical condition deteriorated rapidly over the course of a few hours despite appropriate medical treatment. Repeat clinical examination was consistent with acute pulmonary oedema in association with a new murmur throughout the whole of the cardiac cycle.