The receptor-like kinase ARK controls symbiotic balance across land plants.

The mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis arose in land plants more than 450 million years ago and is still widely found in all major land plant lineages. Despite its broad taxonomic distribution, little is known about the molecular components underpinning symbiosis outside of flowering plants. The ARBUSCULAR RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (ARK) is required for sustaining AM symbiosis in distantly related angiosperms.

Inequity of healthcare access for patients with diabetic foot disease: a retrospective study in south-east Queensland.

Objectives: Logan local government area (LGA) in Queensland has the highest diabetes prevalence (6.5%) within Metro South Health (MSH). The study aimed to determine the burden of, and equity of access to secondary healthcare, for diabetic foot disease (DFD) for Logan residents to better inform healthcare services planning.

Costs and 30-day readmission after lower limb fractures from motorcycle crashes in Queensland, Australia: A linked data analysis.

Background: Lower limb trauma is the most common injury sustained in motorcycle crashes. There are limited data describing this cohort in Australia and limited international data establishing costs due to lower limb trauma following motorcycle crashes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilised administrative hospitalisation data from Queensland, Australia from 2011-2017.

Ankle fracture management using smartphone multimedia messaging service (MMS) imaging - How reliable and to what point?

Background: The use of smartphones and multimedia messaging service (MMS) continues to increase in day to day orthopaedic clinical practice. However, there is limited evidence to support the safe utilisation of MMS.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to correlate the performance of MMS imaging to picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) imaging within the setting of diagnosis and management of ankle fractures.

Turning Up the Temperature on CRISPR: Increased Temperature Can Improve the Editing Efficiency of Wheat Using CRISPR/Cas9.

The application of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies has transformed our ability to target and edit designated regions of a genome. It's broad adaptability to any organism has led to countless advancements in our understanding of many biological processes. Many current tools are designed for simple plant systems such as diploid species, however, efficient deployment in crop species requires a greater efficiency of editing as these often contain polyploid genomes.

RiboDiPA: a novel tool for differential pattern analysis in Ribo-seq data.

Ribosome profiling, also known as Ribo-seq, has become a popular approach to investigate regulatory mechanisms of translation in a wide variety of biological contexts. Ribo-seq not only provides a measurement of translation efficiency based on the relative abundance of ribosomes bound to transcripts, but also has the capacity to reveal dynamic and local regulation at different stages of translation based on positional information of footprints across individual transcripts. While many computational tools exist for the analysis of Ribo-seq data, no method is currently available for rigorous testing of the pattern differences in ribosome footprints.

Transarticular tibiotalocalcaneal nailing versus open reduction and internal fixation for treatment of the elderly ankle fracture: protocol for a multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Ankle fractures are common in the elderly population. Surgical fixation is technically challenging and often results in complications due to high rates of osteoporosis and vascular disease. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) often requires prolonged periods of non-weight bearing increasing the risks of complications.

Tuned polymerization of the transcription factor Yan limits off-DNA sequestration to confer context-specific repression.

During development, transcriptional complexes at enhancers regulate gene expression in complex spatiotemporal patterns. To achieve robust expression without spurious activation, the affinity and specificity of transcription factorDNA interactions must be precisely balanced. Proteinprotein interactions among transcription factors are also critical, yet how their affinities impact enhancer output is not understood.

DNA Occupancy of Polymerizing Transcription Factors: A Chemical Model of the ETS Family Factor Yan.

Transcription factors use both protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions to assemble appropriate complexes to regulate gene expression. Although most transcription factors operate as monomers or dimers, a few, including the E26 transformation-specific family repressors Drosophila melanogaster Yan and its human homolog TEL/ETV6, can polymerize. Although polymerization is required for both the normal and oncogenic function of Yan and TEL/ETV6, the mechanisms by which it influences the recruitment, organization, and stability of transcriptional complexes remain poorly understood.

TULIPs: tunable, light-controlled interacting protein tags for cell biology.

Naturally photoswitchable proteins offer a means of directly manipulating the formation of protein complexes that drive a diversity of cellular processes. We developed tunable light-inducible dimerization tags (TULIPs) based on a synthetic interaction between the LOV2 domain of Avena sativa phototropin 1 (AsLOV2) and an engineered PDZ domain (ePDZ). TULIPs can recruit proteins to diverse structures in living yeast and mammalian cells, either globally or with precise spatial control using a steerable laser.

Is it necessary to re-fuse a non-union of a Hallux metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis?

Background: The standard treatment for a non-union of the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint fusion has been to revise the fusion. Revision fusion is technically more demanding, often involving bone grafting, more substantial fixation and prolonged period of immobilization postoperatively. We present data to suggest that removal of hardware and debridement alone is an alternative treatment option.

Tendon healing.

An understanding of the processes of tendon healing and tendon-to-bone healing is important for the intraoperative and postoperative management of patients with tendon ruptures or of patients requiring tendon transfers in foot and ankle surgery. Knowledge of the normal process allows clinicians to develop strategies when normal healing fails. This article reviews the important work behind the identification of the normal phases and control of tendon healing.