Passive and active exercise do not mitigate mental fatigue during a sustained vigilance task.

Executive function (EF) is improved following a single bout of exercise and impaired when an individual experiences mental fatigue (MF). These performance outcomes have been linked to a bi-directional change in cerebral blood flow (CBF). Here, we sought to determine whether MF-induced by a sustained vigilance task (i.

Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Executive Function in a Simulated Classroom Setting: Uncovering a Window into the Brain.

Acknowledging the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting, this study examined the effects of an acute exercise break during prolonged sitting on executive function, cortical hemodynamics, and microvascular status. In this randomized crossover study, 71 college students completed three conditions: (i) uninterrupted sitting (SIT); (ii) SIT with a 15 min moderate-intensity cycling break (MIC); and (iii) SIT with a 15 min vigorous-intensity cycling break (VIC). Behavioral outcomes, retinal vessel diameters (central retinal artery equivalents [CRAE], retinal vein equivalents [CRVE], arteriovenous ratio [AVR]), cortical activation, and effective connectivity were evaluated.

On the role of antibody affinity and avidity in the IgE-mediated allergic response.

Type I hypersensitivity, also known as classical allergy, is mediated via allergen-specific IgE antibodies bound to type I FcR (FcεRI) on the surface of mast cells and basophils upon cross-linking by allergens. This IgE-mediated cellular activation may be blocked by allergen-specific IgG through multiple mechanisms, including direct neutralization of the allergen or engagement of the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb which blocks IgE signal transduction. In addition, co-engagement of FcεRI and FcγRIIb by IgE-IgG-allergen immune complexes causes down regulation of receptor-bound IgE, resulting in desensitization of the cells.

A friend in need is a friend indeed: Acute tandem rope skipping enhances inter-brain synchrony of socially avoidant individuals.

Team-based physical activity (PA) can improve social cognition; however, few studies have investigated the neurobiological mechanism underlying this benefit. Accordingly, a hyper-scanning protocol aimed to determine whether the interbrain synchrony (IBS) is influenced by an acute bout of team-based PA (i.e.

Menstrual cycle status does not impact exercise-based changes in cerebral blood flow or executive function benefits.

A single bout of exercise enhances executive function (EF) and may relate to an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF). A limitation in the current literature is that biologically female participants are underrepresented given evidence that changes in hormone levels across the menstrual cycle impact physiological and psychological variables. Here, biologically female participants completed separate single bouts of moderate intensity exercise (80% of estimated lactate threshold) during the follicular (FOL) and luteal (LUT) phases of their menstrual cycle.

A 10-min reduction in cerebral blood flow does not alter post-intervention executive function: evidence from lower-body negative pressure.

A single bout of exercise as well as exposure to a hypercapnic environment increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) and is an adaptation linked to a post-intervention executive function (EF) benefit. In the present investigation we sought to determine whether a transient reduction in CBF impairs EF. Accordingly, we employed 10-min -30 mmHg and  -50 mmHg lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) interventions as well as a non-LBNP control condition.

A single bout of aerobic exercise does not alter inhibitory control preparatory set cerebral hemodynamics: Evidence from the antisaccade task.

A single bout of exercise improves executive function (EF) and is a benefit - in part -attributed to an exercise-mediated increase in cerebral blood flow enhancing neural efficiency. Limited work has used an event-related protocol to examine postexercise changes in preparatory phase cerebral hemodynamics for an EF task. This is salient given the neural efficiency hypothesis' assertion that improved EF is related to decreased brain activity.

10-min exposure to a 2.5% hypercapnic environment increases cerebral blood blow but does not impact executive function.

Space travel and exploration are associated with increased ambient CO (i.e., a hypercapnic environment).

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome profile in a clinical trial with subcutaneous, grass pollen allergoid immunotherapy.

Introduction: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment in allergic airway diseases. Underlying immunological mechanisms and candidate biomarkers, which may be translated into predictive/surrogate measures of clinical efficacy, remain an active area of research. The aim of this study was to evaluate Pollinex Quattro (PQ) Grass AIT induced immunomodulatory mechanisms, based on transcriptome profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Distinct cortical haemodynamics during squat-stand and continuous aerobic exercise do not influence the magnitude of a postexercise executive function benefit.

A single bout of aerobic exercise benefits executive function (EF). A potential mechanism for this benefit is an exercise-mediated increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) that elicits vascular endothelial shear-stress improving EF efficiency. Moderate intensity continuous aerobic exercise (MCE) asymptotically increases CBF, whereas continuous body weight squat-stand exercise (SSE) provides a large amplitude oscillatory response.

Influence of antigen density and TLR ligands on preclinical efficacy of a VLP-based vaccine against peanut allergy.

Background: Virus-like particle (VLP) Peanut is a novel immunotherapeutic vaccine candidate for the treatment of peanut allergy. The active pharmaceutical ingredient represents cucumber mosaic VLPs (CuMV -VLPs) that are genetically fused with one of the major peanut allergens, Ara h 2 (CuMV -Ara h 2). We previously demonstrated the immunogenicity and the protective capacity of VLP Peanut-based immunization in a murine model for peanut allergy.

Acute stress imparts a transient benefit to task-switching that is not modulated following a single bout of exercise.

Introduction: Cognitive flexibility represents a core component of executive function that promotes the ability to efficiently alternate-or "switch"-between different tasks. Literature suggests that acute stress negatively impacts cognitive flexibility, whereas a single bout of aerobic exercise supports a postexercise improvement in cognitive flexibility. Here, we examined whether a single bout of aerobic exercise attenuates a stress-induced decrement in task-switching.

A single bout of passive exercise mitigates a mental fatigue-induced inhibitory control deficit.

Sustained cognitive effort associated with the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) increases objective and subjective measures of mental fatigue and elicits a post-PVT inhibitory control deficit. In contrast, passive exercise wherein an individual's limbs are moved via an external force (i.e.

Look into my eyes: What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance?

Background: There is a growing interest to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that drive the positive associations of physical activity and fitness with measures of cognitive performance. To better understand those mechanisms, several studies have employed eye-based measures (e.g.

The next generation virus-like particle platform for the treatment of peanut allergy.

Background: Allergy to peanut is one of the leading causes of anaphylactic reactions among food allergic patients. Immunization against peanut allergy with a safe and protective vaccine holds a promise to induce durable protection against anaphylaxis caused by exposure to peanut. A novel vaccine candidate (VLP Peanut), based on virus-like particles (VLPs), is described here for the treatment of peanut allergy.

Cerebral blood flow and immediate and sustained executive function benefits following single bouts of passive and active exercise.

Passive exercise occurs when an individual's limbs are moved via an external force and is a modality that increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) and provides an immediate postexercise executive function (EF) benefit. To our knowledge, no work has examined for how long passive exercise benefits EF. Here, healthy young adults (N = 22; 7 female) used a cycle ergometer to complete three 20-min conditions: passive exercise (via mechanically driven flywheel), a traditional light intensity (37 W) "active" exercise condition (i.

In situ delivery of nanoparticles formulated with micron-sized crystals protects from murine melanoma.

Introduction: Intratumoral injections of novel therapeutics can activate tumor antigen-specific T cells for locoregional tumor control and may even induce durable systemic protection (against distant metastases) via recirculating T cells. Here we explored the possibility of a universal immunotherapy that promotes T-cell responses in situ and beyond, upon intratumoral injection of nanoparticles formulated with micron-sized crystals.

Methods: Cucumber mosaic virus-like particles containing a tetanus toxin peptide (CuMV) were formulated with microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT) adjuvant and injected directly in B16F10 melanoma tumors.

Passive exercise increases cerebral blood flow velocity and supports a postexercise executive function benefit.

Executive function entails high-level cognitive control supporting activities of daily living. Literature has shown that a single-bout of exercise involving volitional muscle activation (i.e.

The unidirectional prosaccade switch-cost: no evidence for the passive dissipation of an oculomotor task-set inertia.

Cognitive flexibility is a core component of executive function and supports the ability to 'switch' between different tasks. Our group has examined the cost associated with switching between a prosaccade (i.e.

Allergen Content of Therapeutic Preparations for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy of European Paper Wasp Venom Allergy.

Allergy to (European paper wasp) venom is of particular relevance in Southern Europe, potentially becoming a threat in other regions in the near future, and can be effectively cured by venom immunotherapy (VIT). As allergen content in extracts may vary and have an impact on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, the aim was to compare five therapeutic preparations for VIT of venom allergy available in Spain. Products from five different suppliers were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS and compared with a reference venom sample.

Ex Vivo Immunomodulatory Effects of Lactobacillus-, Lacticaseibacillus-, and Bifidobacterium-Containing Synbiotics on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells in the Context of Grass Pollen Allergy.

Sensing of the intestinal microbiota by the host immune system is important to induce protective immune responses. Hence, modification of the gut microbiota might be able to prevent or treat allergies, mediated by proinflammatory Th2 immune responses. The aim was to investigate the ex vivo immunomodulatory effects of the synbiotics Pollagen® and Kallergen®, containing the probiotic bacterial strains Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus and Bifidobacterium, in the context of grass pollen allergy.

Evaluating the efficacy of an iPad® app in determining a single bout of exercise benefit to executive function.

We examined the efficacy and feasibility of an iPad® app used at-home in identifying a postexercise benefit to executive function. The iPad® app required simple reaching movements mirror-symmetrical to an exogenously presented target (i.e.

Distinct visual resolution supports aperture shaping in natural and pantomime-grasping.

Pantomime-grasping is a "simulated" motor response wherein an individual grasps to an area dissociated from a physical target. The task has been used in the apraxia literature as a proxy for natural grasping (i.e.

A Single Bout of Exercise Provides a Persistent Benefit to Cognitive Flexibility.

A single bout of exercise enhances activity within the cortical networks that support executive function. It is, however, unclear whether exercise improves each core component of executive function and for how long a putative benefit might persist. In Experiment 1, participants completed 20-min of aerobic exercise (via cycle ergometer) and cognitive flexibility-a core component of executive function-was examined pre-exercise, and at immediate, 30- and 60-min post-exercise assessments.